简介
crosstool-ng，全称是crosstool Next Generation，即下一代crosstool。crosstool是个交叉编译器的制作工具，但是做的不够好，于是有人（Yann E. MORIN）弄出了个更好的——crosstool-ng。crosstool-ng的特点：
支持menuconfig（类似于Linux内核配置）
支持众多的架构
可选多种不同的C库等模块
提供示例配置
支持多种主机编译环境：各种Linux发行版，Cygwin等
安装
#yum安装需要的包yum install -y gperf bison flex texinfo help2man gcc-c++ expat-devel patch ncurses-devel automake libstdc++-static#下载crosstool-ng并源码编译 设置软连接wget http://crosstool-/download/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.23.0.tar.xztar -Jvxf crosstool-ng-1.23.0.tar.xzcd crosstool-ng-1.23.0./configure --prefix=/usr/local/crosstool-ngmakemake installln -s /usr/local/crosstool-ng/bin/ct-ng /usr/local/bin/ct-ng
制作交叉编译工具链
1.使用ct-ng list-samples命令查看具有哪些默认配置。具体如下：
[G..] aarch64-rpi3-linux-gnueabi[G..] aarch64-unknown-linux-gnueabi[G..] aarch64-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi[G..] alphaev56-unknown-linux-gnu[G..] alphaev67-unknown-linux-gnu[G..] arm-bare_newlib_cortex_m3_nommu-eabi[G..] arm-cortex_a15-linux-gnueabihf[G.X] arm-cortexa5-linux-uclibcgnueabihf[G..] arm-cortex_a8-linux-gnueabi[G.X] arm-cortexa9_neon-linux-gnueabihf[G.X] x86_64-w64-mingw32,arm-cortexa9_neon-linux-gnueabihf[G..] armeb-unknown-eabi[G..] armeb-unknown-linux-gnueabi[G..] armeb-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi[G..] arm-multilib-linux-uclibcgnueabi[G..] arm-nano-eabi[G..] arm-unknown-eabi[G..] arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi[G.X] arm-unknown-linux-musleabi[G..] arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabi[G.X] arm-unknown-linux-uclibcgnueabihf[G..] armv6-nommu-linux-uclibcgnueabi[G..] armv6-rpi-linux-gnueabi[G..] armv7-rpi2-linux-gnueabihf[G..] armv8-rpi3-linux-gnueabihf[G..] avr[G..] i586-geode-linux-uclibc[G..] i686-centos6-linux-gnu[G..] i686-centos7-linux-gnu[G..] i686-nptl-linux-gnu[G..] i686-ubuntu12.04-linux-gnu[G..] i686-ubuntu14.04-linux-gnu[G..] i686-ubuntu16.04-linux-gnu[G.X] i686-w64-mingw32[G..] m68k-unknown-elf[G..] m68k-unknown-uclinux-uclibc[G..] powerpc-unknown-linux-uclibc,m68k-unknown-uclinux-uclibc[G..] mips64el-multilib-linux-uclibc[G..] mips-ar2315-linux-gnu[G..] mipsel-multilib-linux-gnu[G..] mipsel-sde-elf[G..] mipsel-unknown-linux-gnu[G..] mips-malta-linux-gnu[G..] mips-unknown-elf[G..] mips-unknown-linux-uclibc[G.X] i686-w64-mingw32,nios2-spico-elf[G..] powerpc-405-linux-gnu[G..] powerpc64le-unknown-linux-gnu[G..] powerpc64-multilib-linux-gnu[G..] powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu[G..] powerpc-860-linux-gnu[G..] powerpc-e300c3-linux-gnu[G..] powerpc-e500v2-linux-gnuspe[G..] x86_64-multilib-linux-uclibc,powerpc-unknown-elf[G..] powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu[G..] powerpc-unknown-linux-uclibc[G..] powerpc-unknown_nofpu-linux-gnu[G.X] s390-ibm-linux-gnu[G..] s390x-ibm-linux-gnu[G..] sh4-multilib-linux-gnu[G..] sh4-multilib-linux-uclibc[G..] sh4-unknown-linux-gnu[G..] sparc64-multilib-linux-gnu[G..] sparc-leon-linux-uclibc[G..] sparc-unknown-linux-gnu[G..] x86_64-centos6-linux-gnu[G..] x86_64-centos7-linux-gnu[G..] x86_64-multilib-linux-gnu[G.X] x86_64-multilib-linux-musl[G..] x86_64-multilib-linux-uclibc[G.X] x86_64-w64-mingw32,x86_64-pc-linux-gnu[G..] x86_64-ubuntu12.04-linux-gnu[G..] x86_64-ubuntu14.04-linux-gnu[G..] x86_64-ubuntu16.04-linux-gnu[G..] x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu[G..] x86_64-unknown-linux-uclibc[G.X] x86_64-w64-mingw32[G..] xtensa-fsf-linux-uclibc
列表中名词解析参考：crosstool-ng 交叉工具链默认配置 名词解释crosstool-ng 交叉工具链默认配置 名词解释_whatday的专栏-CSDN博客
2.以其中的 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi 配置为基础，进行一些自定义配置：必须是非root用户 这里以test用户为示例
cd /home/testmkdir -p crosstool-ng_build/src crosstool-ng_build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi# 注意 /home/test/crosstool-ng_lib/ 里是 crosstool-ng 交叉编译需要的依赖库cp /home/test/crosstool-ng_lib/* /home/test/crosstool-ng_build/srccd crosstool-ng_build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/ct-ng arm-unknown-linux-gnueabict-ng menuconfig
弹出配置对话框 修改Paths and misc options --->(${HOME}/src) Local tarballs directory：指定下载的源码保存的位置，根据自己情况修改为：/home/test/crosstool-ng_build/src
选中Forbid downloads：不从网络下载需要的源码包 因为自动下载速度太慢 自己在windows用迅雷下载更快些
Target options --->Emit assembly for CPU设置CPU内核
例如 armv4可设置为arm920t armv5可设置为arm1022e armv6可设置为arm1136j-s
具体可参考：
ARM架构和ARM核区别和联系 ARM架构和ARM核区别和联系_whatday的专栏-CSDN博客_arm核
crosstool-ng配置中的Architecture level、Emit assembly for CPU 、Tune for CPUcrosstool-ng配置中的Architecture level、Emit assembly for CPU 、Tune for CPU_whatday的专栏-CSDN博客
选择GCC版本：C compiler --->gcc version (6.3.0)
Operating System --->Linux kernel version (3.19.8 (EOL)) --->
这个项是选择内核版本的 当然选择后在构建工具链时 需要提供相应的内核源码包
C-library --->Minimum supported kernel version (Same as kernel headers (default)) --->
使用gcc编译后的程序 能够运行的最低的内核版本
假如gcc内核版本选择的3.19.8 系统环境是3.10.0 此时运行该gcc编译的程序会报错：FATAL: kernel too old
就是因为这个选项造成的 这里修改为Let ./configure decide就不会有这个问题了
3.使用ct-ng build命令开始制作交叉工具编译链。
这是使用root权限会提示错误[ERROR] You must NOT be root to run crosstool-NG
用普通用户运行ct-ng build 因为没有需求的源码包且配置了不允许网络自动下载 所以会出现下列错误
[ERROR] >> Build failed in step 'Retrieving needed toolchain components' tarballs'[ERROR] >> called in step '(top-level)'
cat build.log可以看到需求的源码包名
[DEBUG] Trying to retrieve an already downloaded copy of 'autoconf-2.69'[DEBUG] Trying '/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/src/autoconf-2.69.tar.xz'[DEBUG] Trying '/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/src/autoconf-2.69.tar.lzma'[DEBUG] Trying '/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/src/autoconf-2.69.tar.bz2'[DEBUG] Trying '/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/src/autoconf-2.69.tar.gz'[DEBUG] Trying '/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/src/autoconf-2.69.tgz'[DEBUG] Trying '/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/src/autoconf-2.69.tar'[DEBUG] Trying '/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/src/autoconf-2.69.zip'[DEBUG] Trying '/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/src/autoconf-2.69'[DEBUG] Not allowed to download from the Internet, aborting autoconf-2.69 download
在windows中google直接搜索autoconf-2.69.tar.xz 迅雷下载 传到centos7的${HOME}/crosstool-ng_build/src目录下上 再次ct-ng build 依次循环下载各个需要的包 列表如下：
[root@bogon crosstool-ng_build]# ll src/total 283444-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1214744 Apr 24 autoconf-2.69.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1496708 Feb 10 09:09 automake-1.15.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36228252 Feb 10 09:47 binutils-2.28.tar.gz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 240479 Feb 10 09:52 duma_2_5_15.tar.gz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 414352 Feb 10 10:22 expat-2.2.0.tar.bz2-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 99903185 Feb 10 09:49 gcc-6.3.0.tar.bz2-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19225392 Feb 10 09:53 gdb-7.12.1.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7209808 Feb 10 09:44 gettext-0.19.8.1.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13873900 Feb 10 09:50 glibc-2.25.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1946336 Feb 10 09:22 gmp-6.1.2.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1449164 Feb 10 09:25 isl-0.16.1.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 148529 Feb 10 09:26 libelf-0.8.13.tar.gz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 5264188 Feb 10 09:42 libiconv-1.15.tar.gz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 973080 Feb 16 libtool-2.4.6.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 94235192 Feb 10 09:19 linux-4.10.8.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 482658 Feb 10 09:55 ltrace_0.7.3.orig.tar.bz2-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 669925 Feb 10 09:25 mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 1126668 Feb 10 09:24 mpfr-3.1.5.tar.xz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 3131891 Feb 10 09:40 ncurses-6.0.tar.gz-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 966668 Feb 10 09:57 strace-4.16.tar.xz
设置权限 chmod 777 -R${HOME}/crosstool-ng_build/src 再次ct-ng build 经过一个小时的等待会出现完成提示 如下
[INFO ] =================================================================[INFO ] Finalizing the toolchain's directory[INFO ] Stripping all toolchain executables[EXTRA] Installing the populate helper[EXTRA] Installing a cross-ldd helper[EXTRA] Creating toolchain aliases[INFO ] Finalizing the toolchain's directory: done in 1.51s (at 56:57)[INFO ] Build completed at 0210.230611[INFO ] (elapsed: 56:56.82)[INFO ] Finishing installation (may take a few seconds)...[56:57] / [test@bogon arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi]$
完成后，交叉工具编译链的位置在/home/tools/${CT_TARGET}目录下
[root@bogon bin]# pwd/home/test/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/bin[root@bogon bin]# lltotal 30256-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 841072 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-addr2line-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 869656 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ar-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 1451520 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-as-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 817280 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-c++lrwxrwxrwx. 1 test test29 Feb 11 01:46 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-cc -> arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 836528 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-c++filt-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 817280 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-cpp-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 3177 Feb 11 00:58 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ct-ng.config-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 2457632 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-dwp-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 31552 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-elfedit-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 817280 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-g++-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 813184 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 813184 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc-6.3.0-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 27152 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc-ar-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 27152 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc-nm-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 27152 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc-ranlib-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 429344 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcov-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 388408 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcov-tool-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 5295208 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gdb-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 903760 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gprof-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test143 Feb 11 01:07 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ld-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 1350528 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ld.bfd-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 15078 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ldd-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 4584576 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ld.gold-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 854064 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-nm-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 1033232 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-objcopy-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 1308880 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-objdump-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 10448 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-populate-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 869656 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ranlib-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 505760 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-readelf-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 840912 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-size-r-xr-xr-x. 1 test test 841072 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-strings-r-xr-xr-x. 2 test test 1033232 Feb 11 01:56 arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-strip[root@bogon bin]#
工具详细解释参考： Binutils工具集 GCC工具集介绍Binutils工具集 GCC工具集介绍_whatday的专栏-CSDN博客_gcc工具集
出现以下信息说明交叉编译工具链有效
[root@bogon bin]# ./arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc -vUsing built-in specs.COLLECT_GCC=./arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gccCOLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/test/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/libexec/gcc/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/6.3.0/lto-wrapperTarget: arm-unknown-linux-gnueabiConfigured with: /home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/.build/src/gcc-6.3.0/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/home/test/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi --with-sysroot=/home/test/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/sysroot --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-float=soft --with-pkgversion='crosstool-NG crosstool-ng-1.23.0' --disable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libmudflap --disable-libgomp --disable-libssp --disable-libquadmath --disable-libquadmath-support --disable-libsanitizer --disable-libmpx --with-gmp=/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/.build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/buildtools --with-mpfr=/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/.build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/buildtools --with-mpc=/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/.build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/buildtools --with-isl=/home/test/Desktop/crosstool-ng_build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/.build/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/buildtools --enable-lto --enable-threads=posix --enable-target-optspace --enable-plugin --enable-gold --disable-nls --disable-multilib --with-local-prefix=/home/test/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/sysroot --enable-long-longThread model: posixgcc version 6.3.0 (crosstool-NG crosstool-ng-1.23.0) [root@bogon bin]#
标准化安装交叉编译器
由于标准Makefile需要实用标准的交叉编译器的名称，一般这个名称是arm-linux-gcc这样的 vim link.sh
#!/bin/shPREFIX=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi- AFTFIX=arm-linux-ln -s ${PREFIX}gcc ${AFTFIX}gccln -s ${PREFIX}addr2line ${AFTFIX}addr2lineln -s ${PREFIX}gdbtui ${AFTFIX}gdbtuiln -s ${PREFIX}ar ${AFTFIX}arln -s ${PREFIX}as ${AFTFIX}asln -s ${PREFIX}c++ ${AFTFIX}c++ln -s ${PREFIX}c++filt ${AFTFIX}c++filtln -s ${PREFIX}cpp ${AFTFIX}cppln -s ${PREFIX}g++ ${AFTFIX}g++ln -s ${PREFIX}gccbug ${AFTFIX}gccbugln -s ${PREFIX}gcj ${AFTFIX}gcjln -s ${PREFIX}gcov ${AFTFIX}gcovln -s ${PREFIX}gdb ${AFTFIX}gdbln -s ${PREFIX}gfortran ${AFTFIX}gfortranln -s ${PREFIX}gprof ${AFTFIX}gprofln -s ${PREFIX}jcf-dump ${AFTFIX}jcf-dumpln -s ${PREFIX}ld ${AFTFIX}ldln -s ${PREFIX}ldd ${AFTFIX}lddln -s ${PREFIX}nm ${AFTFIX}nmln -s ${PREFIX}objcopy ${AFTFIX}objcopyln -s ${PREFIX}objdump ${AFTFIX}objdumpln -s ${PREFIX}populate ${AFTFIX}populateln -s ${PREFIX}ranlib ${AFTFIX}ranlibln -s ${PREFIX}readelf ${AFTFIX}readelfln -s ${PREFIX}run ${AFTFIX}runln -s ${PREFIX}size ${AFTFIX}sizeln -s ${PREFIX}strings ${AFTFIX}stringsln -s ${PREFIX}strip ${AFTFIX}strip
保存并执行 这样我们就得到了整个使用标准名称的交叉编译工具链
如果觉得《linux centos7 使用 crosstool-ng 构建 交叉编译 工具链 即构建各cpu架构平台的gcc编译器》对你有帮助，请点赞、收藏，并留下你的观点哦！
