主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer(推断), indicate(象征，暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出结论), assume(假定，设想). 1.细节推理判断题 一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有： It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________. The author implies/ suggests that_____. We may infer that _________. Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated? 2.预测推理判断题 根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有： What do you think will happen if/when…? At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____ 3.推测文章来源或读者对象 常见命题形式有： The passage is probably take out of_____ The passage would most likely be found in_____ Where does this text probably come from? 4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。 询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释), prove (证明), persuade(劝说), advise(劝告), comment(评论), praise(赞扬), criticize(批评), entertain(娱乐), demonstrate(举例说明), argue(辩论), tell(讲述), analyze(分析)等。 询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(满意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(热情的), subjective(主观的), objective(客观的), matter-of-fact(实事求是的), pessimistic(悲观的), optimistic(乐观的), critical(批评的), doubtful(怀疑的), hostile(敌对的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。 常见命题形式有： The purpose of the text is_____ What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____ What is the author’s attitude towards…? What is the author’s opinion on…? The author’s tone in this passage is _____. 解答技巧 推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。 ①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。 ②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知;作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。 ③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法;不要脱离原文主观臆断。 四、词义猜测题 ①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义 ②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义 ③判断某个代词的指代的对象。常见命题形式有： The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____. The word “it/they” in the last sentence refers to______. The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)probably means ______. The word “…”(Line 6. para.2)could best be replaced by which of the following? Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…” ? 解答技巧 1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词 首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。 例如：You shouldn have blamed him for that，for it wasn his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。 2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。 通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3.通过构词法猜词 根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意义，故为“不太可能”之意。) 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。 5.通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 6.通过描述猜词 描述即作者对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。 7. 根据常识猜词 如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.(lintel “过梁”。) Afraid of waking the baby up, she tiptoed out of the room.(tiptoed “踮着脚走，蹑手蹑脚”)
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