新托福听力测试中七大原则
(1) 开头和结尾原则 (The Beginning and Ending)
和文章的`结构有关，在开头和结尾都是会出题目的。结尾一般用的句型：Next I would like to…; Following this lecture…; to end my lecture…; to wrap up my lecture…; to wind up my lecture…; to put the finishing touch on my lecture…
(2) 原因原则 (The Reasons and Results)
表示原因的关联词，如because (口语中叫cause), for, since, thanks to, due to, attributedto, the reason…is…; 表示结果的关联词，如so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, that’s why…
(3) 转折原则 (Turning Point)
but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, while, in fact , still, yet, unluckily, unfortunately, on the other hand, to tell you the truth, to be frank/honest, although, though, even if, even though.
(4) 强调原则 (Emphasis)
A. 语气强调 重读(Stress)、 停顿(Pause)、 口误(Honest Mistake)、 口吃等。
B. 语义强调 比如材料里听到ok, now, and, well, remember, surprise, 以及only, must 等绝对词；或者老师说What I mean is…; What I want you to do is… 或者材料中也用形容词进行语义强调，如…is important/ fatal/ vital/ essential/ basic/ fundamental/ interesting/ necessary.
C. 比较强调 同级比较、比较级(Comparative)、最高级(Superlative) 都是强调，都很重要。如：一些句型compared to, in comparison。还有序数词，方位词和一些介词强调(Ordinal numbers, Prepositions)。如： first…; last…; also; before, after, by等。
D. 结论强调(Conclusions) 比如：in conclusion, to conclude, in a word, all in all, last but not the least, to sum up.
E. 举例强调(Examples) 比如：for example/ instance（记下关键词）, such as/ like/ need/ include/ involve（记下首字母）, to demonstrate/ illustrate, to give you a clearer idea/ picture.
(5) 问答原则 (Questions and Answers)
比如设问句或学生提问，问题和回答都很重要。
(6) 解释原则-下定义 (Definitions)
常用结构有：定语、同位语。
(7) 建议原则 (Suggestions)
建议句型。
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