医学英语丨失眠 insomnia（2）

insomnia

Doctors diagnose insomnia by doing a complete historyand physical examination in order to rule out possible medical causes or secondary factorsthat cause the inability to maintain or initiate sleep. They may ask patients to write asleep diaryto assess the qualityand length of sleepa person gets in a givenweek. They may also do some tests like anEEGorelectroencephalogram（n.脑电图）todetermine the activity duringsleep. Doctors may also look atpsychiatric causes like depression and bipolar disorder as well as lifestyle factors that contribute to the condition.

Treating acute insomnia requires correcting theunderlying cause once it is determined. This may be as simple as adjusting the lighting in the room or preventing noise from disturbing the sleeping person. For secondary insomnia, medical treatment of the cause of the disturbance ofsleep pattern needs to be addressed before initiating methods to alleviate insomnia through medication and lifestyle changes.

Knowing About the Major Insomnia Causes

For those who look for the major insomnia causes in order to get rid of this highly irritating condition that interferes with their daily does ofsleep, they forget the simple fact thatinsomnia is actuallyan effect of some condition. Hence it is more like asymptomthan a disease which is caused by somekind of trouble. Before studyingthe major insomnia causes it isimperative（adj.至关重要的）to knowabout insomnia and whom it affects. Well, you would know that you are suffering from insomnia if you are unable to initiate sleep or to maintain it. This problem mostly affects womenand there are three different types of insomnia

The transient insomnia can affect peoplefor a long time even forweeks.A variety of reasons like change in the environment of sleeping, severe type of depression cancause theproblem. The second type of insomnia, the intermittent type, is also caleed the acute insomnia whichcan continue even for six months. This can be a highly chronic condition which occurswhen people fail to accept their ownreality. During this phase people suffer from double visions and various other troublesome problems. The major insomnia causesare stimulants and drugs which oftencontain herbs, caffeine,amphetamines（n.安非他命）,cocaine,ephedrine（n.麻黄碱）ect.

参考翻译：

医生通过完整的病史和体检来诊断失眠症，以排除可能的药物原因或其他导致无法维持或开始睡眠的次要因素。他们可能会要求病人出具一份睡眠记录来评估一个人在一周内的睡眠质量和睡眠时间。他们也会做一些测试，如脑电图。医生们也可能会研究抑郁症、双相情感障碍等心理因素，以及导致这种情况的生活方式因素。

治疗急性失眠症需要纠正潜在的病因。这可以通过调节房间的照明或防止噪音干扰睡眠的人。对于继发性失眠，在开始通过药物治疗和生活方式改变来缓解失眠的方法之前，需要找出并解决导致睡眠模式紊乱的原因。

了解失眠的主要原因：

对于那些为了摆脱这种干扰他们日常睡眠的极度烦人的状况，而主动寻找失眠主要原因的患者来说，他们忘记了一个简单的事实：失眠实际上是某种状况的负面结果。因此，它更像是一种症状，而不是一种由某种因素引起的疾病。在研究失眠症的主要病因之前，必须了解失眠症及其他影响到的患者。这个问题主要影响女性，有三种不同类型的失眠

短暂的失眠会影响人们很长一段时间甚至几个星期。多种原因如睡眠环境的改变、严重的抑郁症等都会引起这一问题。第二种失眠症，间歇性失眠症，也被称为急性失眠症，持续六个月。在这一阶段，人们通常会遇到幻觉和各种各样的麻烦问题。失眠的主要原因是兴奋剂和药物，例如咖啡因、安非他命、可卡因、麻黄碱等。

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