1、总论[Introduction]
superior[上]
inferior[下]
Cranial[头侧]
Caudal[尾侧]
anterior[前]
posterior[后]
ventral[腹侧]
dorsal[背侧]
medial[内侧]
lateral[外侧]
internal[内]
external[外]
superficial[浅]
profundal[深]
proximal[近侧]
distal[远侧]
ulnar[尺侧]
radial[桡侧]
tibial[胫侧]
fibular[腓侧]
2、运动系统[locomotor （kinetic） system]
vertebrae[椎骨]
cervical vevtebrae[颈椎]
thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]
lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]
sacrum[骶骨]
sternum[胸骨]
rib[肋骨]
thoracic cage[胸廓]
skull[颅]
frontal bone[额骨]
parietal bone[顶骨]
occipital bone[枕骨]
temporal bone[颞骨]
sphenoid bone[蝶骨]
ethmoid bone[筛骨]
mandible （submaxilla）[下颌骨]
maxilla （supermaxilla）[上颌骨]
nasal bone[鼻骨]
coronal （sagital， lambdoid） suture [冠状（矢状，人字）缝]
orbit[眶]
clavicle[锁骨]
scapula （shoulder blade）[肩胛骨]
sternum （breast bone）[胸骨]
manubrium sterni （presternum）[胸骨柄]
midsternum[胸骨体]
xiphoid[剑突]
humerus[肱骨]
radius[桡骨]
ulna[尺骨]
carpal bone[腕骨]
metacarpal bone [掌骨]
phalanges[指（趾）骨]
hip bone[髋骨]
ilium[髂骨]
ischium [坐骨]
pubis[耻骨]
femur [股骨]
patella[髌骨]
tibia[胫骨]
fibula [腓骨]
articulation[关节]
ligament[韧带]
flexion[屈]
extension[伸]
adduction[收]
abduction[展]
medial rotation[旋内]
lateral rotation[旋外]
pronation[旋前]
supination[旋后]
circumductoin[环转]
vertebral column[脊柱]
intervertebral disc[椎间盘]
temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节]
shoulder joint[肩关节]
elbow joint[肘关节]
radiocarpal joint[肩关节]
radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节]
pelvis[骨盆]
hip joint[髋关节]
knee joint[膝关节]
ankle joint[踝关节]
muscle [肌肉]
tendon[肌腱]
fascia[筋膜]
tendinous sheath[腱鞘]
trapezius[斜方肌]
latissimus dorsi[背阔肌]
sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的]
scalenus [斜角肌]
pectoralis major[胸大肌]
intercostales[肋间肌]
diaphragm[膈肌]
inguinal canal[腹股沟管]
masseter[咬肌]
temporalis[颞肌]
deltoid[三角肌]
biceps brachii[肱二头肌]
triceps brachii[肱三头肌]
axillary fossa [腑窝]
gluteus maximus[臀大肌]
piriformis[梨状肌]
sartorius[缝匠肌]
quadriceps femoris[股四头肌]
triceps surae[小腿三头肌]
femoral triangle[股三角]
3、内脏[Viscera]
viscera[内脏]
oral cavity[口腔]
lip[唇]
cheek[颊]
palate[腭]
tooth[牙]
dentes[牙]
tongue[舌]
parotid gland[腮腺]
pharynx[咽]
esophagus[食管]
stomach gaster[胃]
duodenum[十二指肠]
jejunum[空肠]
ileum [回肠]
large intestine[大肠]
caecum[盲肠]
vermiform （appendix）[阑尾]
colon[结肠]
rectum[直肠]
anal canal[肛管]
dentate line[齿状线]
anus[肛门]
liver （hepar）[肝]
porta hepatis[肝门]
gallblader[胆囊]
pancreas[胰]
nose[鼻]
nasal cavity[鼻腔]
paranasal sinus[鼻旁窦]
larynx[喉]
laryngeal cavity[喉腔]
vocal cord[声带]
trachea[气管]
bronchi[支气管]
lung [肺]
pulmonary[肺的]
pleura[胸膜]
mediastinum[纵隔]
kidney[肾]
renal pilvis[肾盂]
ureter[输尿管]
urinary bladder[膀胱]
urethra[尿道]
testis[睾丸]
epididymis[附睾]
ductus deferens[输精管]
spermatic cord[精索]
prostate[前列腺]
scrotum[阴囊]
penis[阴茎]
ovary[卵巢]
uterine tube[输卵管]
uterus[子宫]
vagina[阴道]
clitoris[阴蒂]
mamma （breast）[乳房]
mammary papilla （nipple）[乳头]
perineum[会阴]
pelvic diaphragm[盆膈]
peritoneum[腹膜]
omentum[网膜]
4、心血管系统[Cardiovascular system]
heart[心]
artery[动脉]
vein[静脉]
capillary[毛细血管]
atrium[心房]
ventricle[心室]
tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]
bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]
aortic valve[主动脉瓣]
pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣]
sinuatrial node[窦房结]
atrioventricular node[房室结]
atrioventricular bundle[房室束]
right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]
coronary artery[冠状动脉]
coronary sinus[冠状窦]
pericardium[心包]
aorta[主动脉]
innominate artery[无名动脉（头臂干）]
common carotid artery[颈总动脉]
carotid sinus [颈动脉窦]
internal（external） carotid artery[颈内（外）动脉]
facial artery[面动脉]
subclavian artery[锁骨下动脉]
mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉]
common iliac artery[髂总动脉]
popliteal artery [腘动脉]
vena cava [腔静脉]
internal jugular vein[颈内静脉]
cephalic vein[头静脉]
basilic vein[贵要静脉]
saphenous vein[隐静脉]
lymphatic duct[淋巴导管]
thoracic duct[胸导管]
lymph node[淋巴结]
spleen[脾]
thymus[胸腺]
5、感觉器[sense organs]
sensory organ[感觉器]
receptor[感受器]
visual organ[视器]
eyeball [眼球]
cornea[角膜]
sclera[巩膜]
choroid [脉络膜]
ciliary body[睫状体]
iris[虹膜]
retina[视网膜]
optic disc[视神经盘]
macula lutea[黄斑]
aqueous humor[房水]
lens[晶状体]
vitreous body[玻璃体]
eyelid [眼睑]
conjunctiva[结膜]
lacrimal gland[泪腺]
vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器]
ear（ auris） [耳]
auricle[耳廓]
acoustic meatus[耳道]
tympanic cavity[鼓室]
tympanic membrane[鼓膜]
pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管]
bony（membranous） labyrinth[骨（膜）迷路]
vestibule [前庭]
semicircular canal[半规管]
cochlea[耳蜗]
cochlear duct[蜗管]
olfactory organ[嗅器]
gustatory organ[味器]
taste bud[味蕾]
skin[皮肤]
6、神经系统[Nervous system]
central nervous system[中枢神经系统]
peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统]
visceral nerve[内脏神经医学教.育网搜集]
afferent nerve[传入神经]
efferent nerve[传出神经]
neuron[神经元]
axon [轴突]
dendrite[树突]
glia [神经胶质]
gray matter [灰质]
white matter[白质]
cortex[皮质]
madulla[髓质]
nucleus[神经质]
ganglion[神经节]
fasciculus[神经束]
nerve[神经]
spinal nerve[脊神经]
cervical plexus[颈丛]
brachial plexus[臂丛]
lumbar plexus[腰丛]
sacral plexus [骶丛]
phrenic nerve[膈神经]
median nerve[正中神经]
ulnar nerve[尺神经]
radial nerve[桡神经]
femoral nerve[股神经]
ischiatic nerve[坐骨神经]
common peroneal nerve[腓总神经]
cranial nerve[颅（脑）神经]
olfactory nerve[嗅神经]
optic nerve[视神经]
oculomotor nerve[动眼神经]
trochlear nerve[滑车神经]
trigeminal verve[三叉神经]
abducent nerve[展神经]
facial nerve[面神经]
vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经]
glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神经]
vagus nerve[迷走神经]
accessary nerve[副神经]
hypoglossal nerve[舌下神经]
autonomic nervous system[自主神经]
vegetative nervous system[植物神经]
sympathetic nerve[交感神经]
parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经]
spinal cord[脊髓]
encephalon （brain）[脑]
brain stem[脑干]
medulla oblongata[延髓]
pons [脑桥]
mesencephalon[中脑]
midbrain[中脑]
cerebellum[小脑]
diencephalon[间脑]
thalamus[丘脑]
hypothalamus[下丘脑]
hypophysis[垂体]
telencephalon[端脑]
cerebrum[大脑]
cerebral cortex[大脑皮质]
corpus striatum[纹状体]
internal capsule[内囊]
spinothalamic tract[皮质脊髓束]
medial lemniscus[内侧丘系]
lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系]
spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]
trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]
7、体表标记[Anatomic marks]
naso-labial groove[鼻唇沟]
suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窝]
supraclavicular fossa[锁骨上窝]
infraclavicular fossa[锁骨下窝]
armpit （axillary fossa）[腋窝]
midsternal （midian） line[胸骨中线（正中线）]
anterior midian line[前正中线]
parasternal line[胸骨旁线]
midclavicular line[锁骨中线]
mammillary （nipple， milk） line[乳线]
posterior （mid-， anterior） axillary line[腋后（中，前）线]
scapular line[肩胛线]
midspinal line[脊柱中线]
dorsomedian line[后正中线]
linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁线]
the left （right） upper abdomen （quadrant）[左（右）上腹]
epigastrium[上腹部]
the middle abdomen[中腹部]
the lower abdomen[下腹部]
linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线]
anterior superior spine[髂前上棘]
symphysis pubis （symphysion）[耻骨联合]
ischial tuberosity[坐骨结节]
groin （inguen）[腹股沟]
popliteal fossa[腘窝]
upper extremity（limb）[上肢]
lower extremity（limb）[下肢]
posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴]
anterior （dorsal） part of chest（前（后）胸部）
scapular region[肩胛区]
anterior （posterior） fontanelle[前（后）囱]
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