失眠网 > CentOS7 cobbler 配置实现用 pxe 启动安装 kvm 虚拟机

CentOS7 cobbler 配置实现用 pxe 启动安装 kvm 虚拟机

时间：2019-08-08 07:28:23

Cobbler安装与配置

网络拓扑

系统配置

# 关闭防火墙[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service[root@cobblervm ~]# firewall-cmd --statenot running# 关闭SElinux[root@cobblervm ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config[root@cobblervm ~]# reboot

安装cobbler

# 安装epel源[root@cobblervm ~]# yum -y install epel-release# 安装cobbler，其中没有 hcdp 服务，我的 dcph 是放在网关上的。[root@cobblervm ~]# yum install -y cobbler cobbler-web tftp xinetd cman pykickstart debmirror syslinux net-tools# 安装cobbler依赖的包[root@cobblervm ~]# yum install -y ed patch perl perl-Compress-Zlib perl-Digest-SHA1 perl-LockFile-Simple perl-libwww-perl fence-agents# 设置开机启动[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl enable xinetd.service[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd.service# 查看服务状态[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep -E "httpd|xinetd|cobblerd"cobblerd.serviceenabled httpd.serviceenabled xinetd.serviceenabled

配置服务器

# 配置 web[root@cobblervm ~]# sed -i 's/#ServerName :80/ServerName 127.0.0.1:80/' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service# 配置 cobbler[root@cobblervm ~]# sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.1.254/g' /etc/cobbler/settings # cobbler 修改密码[root@cobblervm ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'root' '123456'$1$root$8e67rDXAsnndS790noSQV0 # 生成的密码[root@cobblervm ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings......default_password_crypted: "$1$root$8e67rDXAsnndS790noSQV0" <== 用上面生成的密码替换此处的默认密码......# cobbler 默认不允许任何人登录，手动添加登录用户（添加admin）[root@cobblervm ~]# useradd admin[root@cobblervm ~]# passwd admin[root@cobblervm ~]# sed -i 's/admin = ""/admin = "admin"/' /etc/cobbler/users.conf[root@cobblervm ~]# sed -i 's/module = authn_configfile/module = authn_pam/' /etc/cobbler/modules.conf# 配置 xinetd[root@cobblervm ~]# sed -i '14s/yes/no/' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp [root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl restart xinetd.service[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd.service[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service# 配置 pxe[root@cobblervm ~]# sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings[root@cobblervm ~]# sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings# 重启服务[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service[root@cobblervm ~]# systemctl restart xinetd.service[root@cobblervm ~]# cobbler sync# 对于防火墙如果不想关闭的话可以如下设置[root@cobblervm ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=67/udp[root@cobblervm ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=68/udp[root@cobblervm ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp[root@cobblervm ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=443/tcp[root@cobblervm ~]# firewall-cmd --reload[root@cobblervm ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --list-ports# 另外对于 dhcp 服务器的配置要求如下[root@dhcpvm ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf ## DHCP Server Configuration file.# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example# see dhcpd.conf(5) man page#ddns-update-style interim;allow booting;allow bootp;ignore client-updates;set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {range 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.253; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; option routers 192.168.1.1; option domain-name-servers 159.226.39.1; option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1; option domain-name lan; filename "/pxelinux.0";default-lease-time 21600;max-lease-time 43200;next-server 192.168.1.254;<== pxe 启动的服务器地址，也就是 cobbler 地址}host tftp_server {hardware ethernet 52:54:00:fc:15:5f; fixed-address 192.168.1.254; <== 给 cobbler 服务器分配固定地址}

用浏览器访问网址 https：//xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/cobbler_web

系统镜像安装到 cobbler 服务器上

# 上传系统安装镜像文件CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso 到/usr/local/src/目录(拿U盘考，用Xftp工具上传都行)[root@cobblervm ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/os/CentOS-7-x86_64 <==创建挂载目录 # 挂载系统镜像[root@cobblervm ~]# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /usr/local/src/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso /var/www/html/os/CentOS-7-x86_64# 添加以下代码，实现开机自动挂载[root@cobblervm ~]# vim /etc/fstab/usr/local/src/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso /var/www/html/os/CentOS-7-x86_64 iso9660 defaults,ro,loop 0 0

编写安装配置脚本

可以用专用编辑器生成，推荐一款 linux 下的 system-config-kickstart 工具

# 给个样本，不一定能安装成功，这个文件可以在 cobbler_web 界面的 Kickstart Templates 中看到[root@cobblervm ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS7.ksinstalllang zh_CN.UTF-8keyboard ustimezone Asia/Shanghaiauth --useshadow --enablemd5selinux --disabledfirewall --disabledservices --enabled=NetworkManager,sshdeula --agreedignoredisk --only-use=sdarebootbootloader --location=mbrzerombrclearpart --all --initlabelpart swap --asprimary --fstype="swap" --size=1024part /boot --fstype xfs --size=200part pv.01 --size=1 --growvolgroup rootvg pv.01logvol / --fstype xfs --name=lv01 --vgname=rootvg --size=10240logvol /data --fstype xfs --name=lv02 --vgname=rootvg --size=1 --growrootpw --iscrypted $default_password_cryptedrepo --name=base --baseurl=http://192.168.17.181/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/url --url=http://192.168.17.181/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/%packages --ignoremissing@base@core@chinese-supportntpnet-tools%end%postwget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /repo/epel-7.repoecho "0 1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 202.120.2.101;hwclock -w;" >>/var/spool/cron/root/usr/sbin/ntpdate 202.120.2.101 >/dev/null 2>&1cd /rootwget http://192.168.17.181/cobbler/ks_mirror/config/autoip7.shsh /root/autoip7.sh%end

导入系统镜像，要等一会

[root@cobblervm ~]# cobbler import --path=/var/www/html/os/CentOS-7-x86_64/ --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64[root@cobblervm ~]# cobbler import --path=/var/www/html/os/CentOS-7-x86_64/ --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64

修改配置文件

单击 web 界面的 Profile 文件并编辑刚刚生成的配置文件。

然后将 Kickstart 改成自己编辑的 kickstart 脚本

设置 pxe 启动配置

[root@cobblervm ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template DEFAULT menuPROMPT 0MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/TIMEOUT 200TOTALTIMEOUT 6000ONTIMEOUT CentOS-7-x86_64 <== 改成上面导入镜像使设置的 CentOS-7-x86_64，意思是超时自动引导pxe启动LABEL localMENU LABEL (local)MENU DEFAULTLOCALBOOT -1$pxe_menu_itemsMENU end# 查看是否修改成功[root@cobblervm ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

最后启动安装 pxe 启动的虚拟机。

# 创建虚拟机[root@h96 ~]# virt-install --virt-type kvm --name 虚拟机名 --ram 内存 --pxe --vcpus=1 --disk path=磁盘 --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole# 用 virt-manager 查看自动安装的情况

如图所示

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