厌烦了每次都要在Excel里拖动数据来生成图形吧,这篇文章里,教你用Python自动读取Excel数据生成图表,然后Python 使用XlsxWriter模块在Excel工作表中绘制带有数据表的柱形图。试想下,以后只要有excel,就可以自动在excel里生成图表,如果有成千上万个excel,那这一切都自动化了,那产生的效益是很客观的。
Python机器人自动给Excel绘制带有数据表的图形
XlsxWriter是一个Python库,使用它可以对excel文件执行多个操作,如创建,编写,算术运算和绘制图形。
让我们看看如何使用实时数据绘制带有数据表的图表。
图表由至少一个系列的一个或多个数据点组成。要在Excel工作表上绘制图表,首先,创建特定图表类型的图表对象(即柱形图等)。创建图表对象后,在其中插入数据,最后,在图表对象中添加该图表对象。
代码#1:使用默认数据表绘制柱形图。要在Excel工作表上绘制此类图表,请使用set_table()图表对象的方法。
# import xlsxwriter module
import xlsxwriter
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument
# which is the filename that we want to create.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('Ex_chart2.xlsx')
# The workbook object is then used to add new
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# Create a new Format object to formats cells
# in worksheets using add_format() method .
# here we create italic format object
bold = workbook.add_format({'italic': 1})
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
Data1 = ['Subject', 'Mid Term Score', 'End Term Score']
Data2 = [["Math", "Physics", "Biology", "Hindi", "English", "Singing"],
[95, 78, 80, 80, 60, 65],
[90, 67, 78, 70, 63, 60]]
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1'
# with bold format .
worksheet.write_row('A1', Data1, bold)
# Write a column of data starting from
# 'A2', 'B2', 'C2' respectively .
worksheet.write_column('A2', Data2[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', Data2[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', Data2[2])
# set the wdith of B and C column
worksheet.set_column('B:C', 15)
# Create a chart object that can be added
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method.
# here we create a column chart object .
chart1 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
# Add a data series to a chart
# using add_series method.
# Configure the first series.
# = Sheet1 !$A$1 is equivalent to ['Sheet1', 0, 0].
# note : spaces is not inserted in b/w
# = and Sheet1, Sheet1 and !
# if space is inserted it throws warning.
chart1.add_series({
'name': '= Sheet1 !$B$1',
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$7', })
# Configure a second series.
# Note use of alternative syntax to define ranges.
# [sheetname, first_row, first_col, last_row, last_col].
chart1.add_series({
'name': ['Sheet1', 0, 2],
'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0],
'values': ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2], })
# Add a chart title
chart1.set_title({'name': 'Exam Score distribution'})
# Add x-axis label
chart1.set_x_axis({'name': 'Subjects'})
# Add y-axis label
chart1.set_y_axis({'name': 'Marks'})
# set the style of the chart.
chart1.set_style(14)
# set the plot area layout of chart
chart1.set_plotarea({
'layout': {
'x': 0.15,
'y': 0.09,
'width': 0.63,
'height': 0.40, } })
# Set a data table on the X-Axis
# with the legend keys shown.
chart1.set_table()
# add chart to the worksheet with given
# offset values at the top-left corner of
# a chart is anchored to cell D2 .
worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart1,
{'x_offset': 20, 'y_offset': 5})
# Finally, close the Excel file
# via the close() method.
workbook.close()
输出:
代码#2:绘制带有图例的默认数据表的柱形图。要在Excel工作表上绘制此类图表,请使用set_table()带有'show_keys'图表对象的关键字参数的方法。
# import xlsxwriter module
import xlsxwriter
# Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument
# which is the filename that we want to create.
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('Ex_chart1.xlsx')
# The workbook object is then used to add new
# worksheet via the add_worksheet() method.
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# Create a new Format object to formats cells
# in worksheets using add_format() method .
# here we create italic format object
bold = workbook.add_format({'italic': 1})
# Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer to.
Data1 = ['Subject', 'Mid Term Score', 'End Term Score']
Data2 = [ ["Math", "Physics", "Biology", "Hindi", "English", "Singing"],
[95, 78, 80, 80, 60, 65],
[90, 67, 78, 70, 63, 60] ]
# Write a row of data starting from 'A1'
# with bold format .
worksheet.write_row('A1', Data1, bold)
# Write a column of data starting from
# 'A2', 'B2', 'C2' respectively .
worksheet.write_column('A2', Data2[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', Data2[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', Data2[2])
# set the wdith of B and C column
worksheet.set_column('B:C', 15)
# Create a chart object that can be added
# to a worksheet using add_chart() method.
# here we create a column chart object .
chart2 = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
# Add a data series to a chart
# using add_series method.
# Configure the first series.
# = Sheet1 !$A$1 is equivalent
# to ['Sheet1', 0, 0].
# note : spaces is not inserted in b / w
# = and Sheet1, Sheet1 and !
# if space is inserted it throws warning.
chart2.add_series({
'name': '= Sheet1 !$B$1',
'categories': '= Sheet1 !$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '= Sheet1 !$B$2:$B$7', })
# Configure a second series.
# Note use of alternative syntax to define ranges.
# [sheetname, first_row, first_col, last_row, last_col].
chart2.add_series({
'name': ['Sheet1', 0, 2],
'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0],
'values': ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2], })
# Add a chart title
chart2.set_title({'name': 'Exam Score distribution'})
# Add x-axis label
chart2.set_x_axis({'name': 'Subjects'})
# Add y-axis label
chart2.set_y_axis({'name': 'Marks'})
# Set a data table on the X-Axis with the legend keys shown.
chart2.set_table({'show_keys': True})
# hide the chart legends.
chart2.set_legend({'position': 'none'})
# add chart to the worksheet with given
# offset values at the top-left corner of
# a chart is anchored to cell D2 .
worksheet.insert_chart('D2', chart2,
{'x_offset': 20, 'y_offset': 5})
# Finally, close the Excel file
# via the close() method.
workbook.close()
输出:
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