解决ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed

问题

原代码：

async def call_wss_api(msg):async with websockets.connect('wss:///tool/handle') as websocket:await websocket.send(msg)response = ""count = 0while websocket.open:response = await websocket.recv()return response

执行代码时，发现会报错：ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:997)

Traceback (most recent call last):File "/Users/aaa/xxx.py", line 354, in create_order_by_athenares = asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(call_wss_api(msg))File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/asyncio/base_events.py", line 646, in run_until_completereturn future.result()File "/Users/aaa/xxx.py", line 376, in call_wss_apiasync with websockets.connect('wss:///tool/handle') as websocket:File "/Users/aaa/xxx/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/websockets/legacy/client.py", line 633, in __aenter__return await selfFile "/Users/aaa/xxx/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/websockets/legacy/client.py", line 650, in __await_impl_timeout__return await asyncio.wait_for(self.__await_impl__(), self.open_timeout)File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/asyncio/tasks.py", line 445, in wait_forreturn fut.result()File "/Users/aaa/xxx/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/websockets/legacy/client.py", line 654, in __await_impl__transport, protocol = await self._create_connection()File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/asyncio/base_events.py", line 1089, in create_connectiontransport, protocol = await self._create_connection_transport(File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/asyncio/base_events.py", line 1119, in _create_connection_transportawait waiterFile "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 534, in data_receivedssldata, appdata = self._sslpipe.feed_ssldata(data)File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/asyncio/sslproto.py", line 188, in feed_ssldataself._sslobj.do_handshake()File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/ssl.py", line 974, in do_handshakeself._sslobj.do_handshake()ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:997)进程已结束，退出代码为 1

解决方法

需要在调用函数websockets.connect()时，传递一个关键字参数ssl=ssl_context即可，代码如下：

import sslimport certifissl_context = ssl.create_default_context()ssl_context.load_verify_locations(certifi.where())async def call_wss_api(msg):async with websockets.connect('wss:///tool/handle', ssl=ssl_context) as websocket:await websocket.send(msg)response = ""count = 0while websocket.open:response = await websocket.recv()return response

参考文档：/qa/260804

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