1.有效性边界：风险最小，收益最大
加入无风险资产（借贷）时，
(1)short sales
(2)lending and borrowing
(3)neither
2.utility function
select the best from efficient frontier
(1) prefer more money
first derivative > 0
(2) risk preference
if risk averse, second derivative < 0
absolute vs relative:
(3)alternatives
1)risk tolerance function
T: risk tolerance
(2) safety first
focus on bad outcomes
1) roy
give RL, std < RL
want max K, max slope
2) kataoka
3) telser
cross point
(3) geometric mean return
if utility function is log, max geometric mean return pf is preferred
(4) markowitz
lambda is risk aversion
(5) calculate efficient frontier
sharpe's model
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