一、目的
减少操作系统安装过程中人机交互过程，实现选择光盘安装后，无需其他人机交互过程即可自动完成操作系统的安装。
二、环境和软件工具
环境：LinuxUbuntu/CentOS操作系统（其他发行版未作尝试）
软件：mkisofs,xorriso
软件安装：
CentOS：yuminstallmkisofsxorriso-y
Ubuntu:sudoaptinstall-ymkisofsxorriso
三、iso重新打包
1.Ubuntu
1.1原料
我是用ubuntu-16.04.3-server-arm64.iso挂载出来再做一份拷贝，如果有现成的编译环境也是可以的。
$ mkdir mnt/ ubuntu/
$ ls -al
mnt/
ubuntu/
ubuntu-16.04.3-server-arm64.iso
$ sudo mount ubuntu-16.04.3-server-arm64.iso mnt/
$ cp -rf ./mnt/* ./mnt/.disk/ ./ubuntu/
$ sudo umount ./mnt/
1.2修改/添加配置文件
1.2.1.boot/grub/grub.cfg
$ vim ubuntu/boot/grub/grub.cfg
set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
set menu_color_highlight=white/blue
set timeout=60
insmod gzio
menuentry 'Install Ubuntu' {
set background_color=black
linux /install/vmlinuz auto-install/enable=true file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
（1）settimeout=60##设置60秒无应答自动选择默认项
（2）auto-install/enable=true##允许自动安装模式
（3）file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed##指定自动安装的preseed文件。
（4）如果想将正常发行的iso和可以自动安装的iso合并为一个，可以添加其他的菜单项，但是一定确保上面这条配置是默认项，并配置超时操作。
1.2.2.preseed文件preseed/ubuntu.seed
$vimubuntu/preseed/ubuntu.seed
#########################################################################
##CDROMautoinstall
#########################################################################
#Continueinstallon"nokernelmoduleswerefoundforthiskernel"
#d-ianna/no_kernel_modulesbooleantrue
d-iauto-install/enablebooleantrue
##Setcountry,languageandkeyboardmap
d-idebian-installer/languagestringen
d-idebian-installer/countrystringUS
d-idebain-install/localestringen_US.UTF-8
#Optionallyspecifyadditionallocalestobegenerated.
#d-ilocalechooser/supported-localesmultiselectzh_CH.UTF-8,C.UTF-8,en_US.UTF-8
#d-ikeyboard-configuration/xkb-keymapselectus
##Disableautomatic(interactive)keymapdetection.
d-iconsole-setup/ask_detectbooleanfalse
d-ikeyboard-configuration/layoutcodestringus
##Toselectavariantoftheselectedlayout(ifyouleavethisout,the
##basicformofthelayoutwillbeused):
#d-ikeyboard-configuration/variantcodestringdvorak
##netconfig
d-inetcfg/choose_interfaceselectauto
d-inetcfg/get_hostnamestringunassigned-hostname
d-inetcfg/get_domainstringunassigned-domain
##setrootpassword
d-ipasswd/root-loginbooleanroot
d-ipasswd/root-passwordpasswordroot
d-ipasswd/root-password-againpasswordroot
d-iuser-setup/allow-password-weakbooleantrue
##creatuser
d-ipasswd/make-userbooleantrue
d-ipasswd/user-fullnamestringUser
d-ipasswd/usernamestringuser
d-ipasswd/user-password-cryptedpassworduserpassword
d-ipasswd/user-password-againpassworduserpassword
##EncryptyourhomedirectoryNO
d-iuser-setup/encrypt-homebooleanfalse
##ControlswhetherornotthehardwareclockissettoUTC.
d-iclock-setup/utcbooleantrue
d-itime/zonestringAsia/Shanghai
##Diskusage
d-ipartman-auto/diskstring/dev/sda
#d-ipartman-auto/methodstringlvm
#d-ipartman-auto-lvm/guided_sizestringmax
d-ipartman-auto/methodstringregular
d-ipartman-lvm/device_remove_lvmbooleantrue
d-ipartman-md/device_remove_mdbooleantrue
d-ipartman-lvm/confirmbooleantrue
d-ipartman-lvm/confirm_nooverwritebooleantrue
d-ipartman-auto/choose_recipeselectatomic
d-ipartman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_labelbooleantrue
d-ipartman/choose_partitionselectfinish
d-ipartman/confirmbooleantrue
d-ipartman/confirm_nooverwritebooleantrue
##umount/dev/sda
d-ipartman/unmount_activebooleantrue
d-ipreseed/early_commandstringumount/media||true
#setmirror CD 安装不需要设置：mirror
#d-imirror/countrystringmanual
#d-imirror/http/
#d-imirror/http/directorystring/ubuntu-ports/
#d-imirror/http/proxystring
#d-imirror/http/mirrorselect192.168.50.122:8083
#d-imirror/http/mirrorselect192.168.1.107:80
##apt-setup
#d-iapt-setup/non-freebooleantrue
#d-iapt-setup/contribbooleantrue
d-iapt-setup/use_mirrorbooleanfalse
d-iapt-setup/restrictedbooleantrue
d-iapt-setup/universebooleantrue
d-iapt-setup/backportsbooleantrue
d-iapt-setup/services-selectmultiselectsecurity
d-iapt-setup/
d-iapt-setup/security_pathstring/ubuntu
d-ipkgsel/update-policyselectnone
##installsoftware
taskseltasksel/firstmultiselectstandard
##Individualadditionalpackagestoinstall
d-ipkgsel/includestringopenssh-servervim
d-ipkgsel/upgradeselectnone
popularity-contestpopularity-contest/participatebooleanfalse
##Grubandbootloder
##Thisisfairlysafetoset,itmakesgrubinstallautomaticallytotheMBR
##ifnootheroperatingsystemisdetectedonthemachine.
d-igrub-installer/only_debianbooleantrue
d-igrub-installer/with_other_osbooleantrue
##Avoidthatlastmessageabouttheinstallbeingcomplete.
d-ifinish-install/keep-consolesbooleantrue
d-ifinish-install/reboot_in_progressnote
d-icdrom-detect/ejectbooleanfalse
1.3重新打包iso
$ sudo xorriso -as mkisofs -r -checksum_algorithm_iso md5,sha1 -V 'Ubuntu-Server 16.04.3 LTS arm64' \-o ./new-ubuntu-16.04.3-server-arm64.iso -J -joliet-long -cache-inodes -e boot/grub/efi.img \-no-emul-boot -append_partition 2 0xef ubuntu/boot/grub/efi.img -partition_cyl_align all ubuntu/
生成的iso就在当前目录下。
2.CentOS
2.1原料
我是用CentOS-7-aarch64-Everything.iso挂载出来再做一份拷贝，如果有现成的编译环境也是可以的。(用的是CentOS7.4-1708-ARM服务器版iso)
$ mkdir mnt/ centos/
$ ls -al
centos/
mnt/
CentOS-7-aarch64-Everything.iso
$ sudo mount CentOS-7-aarch64-Everything.iso mnt/
$ sudo cp -rf mnt/* mnt/.discinfo mnt/.treeinfo centos/
$ sudo umount ./mnt/
2.2修改/添加配置文件
2.2.1grub菜单EFI/BOOT/grub.cfg对默认项内容修改：
$ vim centos/EFI/BOOT/grub.cfg
set timeout=60
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
search --no-floppy --set=root -l 'CentOS 7 aarch64'
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
menuentry 'install CentOS Linux AltArch 7' --class red --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
linux /images/pxeboot/vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20aarch64 ip=dhcp acpi=force inst.ks=cdrom:/ks-iso.cfg
initrd /images/pxeboot/initrd.img
}
（1）inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20aarch64##第二部执行的空间LiveOS的父目录位置。
（2）inst.ks=file:/ks-iso.cfg##自动安装用到的kickstart文件路径。
（3）acpi的设置根据具体设备而定，有些可能需要设置为off
2.2.2.kickstart文件
$ vim centos/ks-iso.cfg
#version=DEVEL# System authorization informationauth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512# Use CDROM installation mediacdrom# Use text mode installtext# Run the Setup Agent on first bootfirstboot --enableignoredisk --only-use=sda# Keyboard layoutskeyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts=''# System languagelang en_US.UTF-8# Network informationnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --ipv6=auto --activatenetwork --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth1 --onboot=off --ipv6=autonetwork --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth2 --onboot=off --ipv6=autonetwork --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth3 --onboot=off --ipv6=autonetwork --hostname=localhost.localdomain# Root passwordrootpw --iscrypted $6$Kd3yxUtwpOk3fJ.M$KnTt/6pHJzXWYcKGQbqqkifavlMLrQcuOd6OAud97qD2IbFcWGtljsRVo9qWSSHj0Mcy.HmyLZ0JsDlq8mQ7B/# System servicesservices --enabled="chronyd"# Do not configure the X Window Systemskipx# System timezonetimezone US/Alaska --isUtcuser --groups=user,wheel --name=user --password=$6$aBUT2gAUGjmQEeKF$.y8qtYgDX0gZZyiAVbBwlCfsNgPUykgP9HP82vzAcRJMz2E0ynnHpthBaSVlJWk0a8EmUZJDD6marUZhH7mkG1 --iscrypted --gecos="user"# System bootloader configurationbootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sdaautopart --type=lvm# Partition clearing informationclearpart --all --initlabel --drives=sdareboot%post #安装完成后的操作%end%packages#需要安装的软件包%end
以上自动安装配置只是提供一种方案。
2.3重新打包iso
$cdcentos/
$ sudo genisoimage -e images/efiboot.img -no-emul-boot \-T -J -R -c boot.catalog -hide boot.catalog -V "CentOS 7 aarch64" \-o ../CentOS-7-aarch64-Everything.iso .
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原文：/Frank_Abagnale/article/details/78963876
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