Eclipse Maven构建Spring MVC项目

工作中项目开发使用Maven管理项目的构建、打包、编译,框架採用的是Spring MVC框架,而且实现了多模块、多项目的管理。自己也简单的參与了架构的设计。对于刚開始学习的人来说,使用Maven构建项目并非一件easy的事情,本文的目的就是引导新手使用maven构建springmvc项目。

准本工作

1、Eclipse

尽量选用较高版本号的Eclispse,由于eclipse对于maven的支持比較晚。

2、Maven

安装maven,至于其安装方式这里也就不再多提了,请自行google。

3、Eclipse选择本地Maven,例如以下图所:

选择本地库的原因是你能够自行指定仓库的位置,也能够指定远程仓库,方便管理。

构建project

1、新建Maven项目

maven具有强大构建功能,使用maven能够构建多种不同类型的工程。这里我们构建maven-archhetype-webapp类型的项目。Eclipse->New中选择maven project,详细例如以下图:

之后选择构建类型:

接下来填写完Group id 和Artifact id 之后就可以新建一个空的Maven项目了。

一个空的演示样例项目文件夹结构例如以下:

似乎和完整的Maven项目还略有差距,不急,一步一步完好。

2、完好项目

上述项目结构离完整的maven项目结构另一定的距离,我们须要加入三个源目录src/main/java(核心源代码),src/test/java(測试代码:单元測试),src/test/resources(測试代码的配置文件)。当中已经有的src/main/resources为项目的配置文件放置路径。

只是在通过Eclipse新建三个源文件时,会出现一个奇怪的问题,例如以下所看到的:

一个解决的方法是我们直接定位到项目文件里(磁盘中)，手动的新建该三个文件,之后刷新项目就可以。

当中src/test/resources貌似能够直接在Eclipse中直接新建。

3、加入web特性

对于版本号较高的Eclipse来说，到如今项目基本就是一个maven项目了,可是对于较老版本号来说还要进行一些操作。并且基于兴许项目打包、公布的考虑这里也须要做相关操作。

右键项目->Properties->Project Facets->动态web特性

因为项目打包、公布的时候不须要測试代码、測试的配置文件，以及执行时产生的额外文件(target),这里我们要进行下web文件夹的配置也就是Deployment Assembly，详细例如以下图:

删除蓝色框区域(老版本号可能需删除webContent文件夹,加入webapp文件夹)。

至此,一个完整的maven项目就构建好了,项目的结构例如以下:

Spring MVC配置

眼下为止仅仅是构建了maven项目,接下来一步一步来配置Spring MVC特性。

1、Spring MVC配置

配置web.xml,採用Spring MVC框架，主要配置的是ContextLoaderListener和DispacherServlet。web.xml配置例如以下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="/xml/ns/javaee /xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"><display-name>LCore</display-name><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list><!-- 载入全部的配置文件这里我将配置文件置于源代码包中--><context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath*:spring-*.xml</param-value></context-param><!-- 配置Spring--><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><!-- 配置SpringMVC --><servlet><servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name><url-pattern>/</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><!-- 配置字符集 --><filter><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class><init-param><param-name>encoding</param-name><param-value>UTF-8</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>forceEncoding</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!-- 配置Session --><filter><filter-name>openSession</filter-name><filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>openSession</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping></web-app>

配置ContextLoaderListener表示，该project要以spring的方式启动。启动时会默认在/WEB-INF文件夹下查找 spring-common.xml作为spring容器的配置文件，这里能够初始化一些bean，如DataSource。代码例如以下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="/schema/context"xmlns:p="/schema/p" xmlns:tx="/schema/tx"xsi:schemaLocation="/schema/beans /schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd/schema/context /schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd/schema/tx /schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd"><context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" /><context:component-scan base-package="com.ceis.core" /><bean id="dataSource" class="mons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driver}"p:url="${jdbc.url}"p:username="${jdbc.username}"p:password="${jdbc.password}" /><bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /><property name="hibernateProperties"><props><prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop><prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop><prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop></props></property><property name="packagesToScan"><list><value>com.ceis.core.po</value></list></property></bean><bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /></bean><tx:annotation-driven proxy-target-class="true" /></beans>

至于jdbc.properties文件jdbc的配置这里就不给出了。

配置DispatcherServlet表示，该project将採用springmvc的方式。启动时也会默认在classPath文件夹下查找spring-mvc.xml作为配置文件，该文件里将配置两项重要的mvc特性：

HandlerMapping,负责为DispatcherServlet这个前端控制器的请求查找Controller；

ViewResolver,负责为DispatcherServlet查找ModelAndView的视图解析器

这里我额外配置了velocity引擎处理请求和视图解析器(页面通过velocity模板引擎构建)。代码例如以下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="/schema/beans/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd/schema/context/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd/schema/mvc/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd"><!-- 注解扫描包 --><context:component-scan base-package="com.ceis.core.controller" /><!-- 启动spring mvc的注解功能，完毕请求和注解POJO的映射 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"> <!-- 配置信息转换，将用@responsebody注解的返回值转换为json返回前台，编码为utf-8--> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> </list> </property> </bean> <mvc:interceptors><mvc:interceptor><mvc:mapping path="/*" /><!-- 需排除拦截的地址 --><mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login" /><bean class="com.ceis.core.Interceptor.SecurityInterceptor" /></mvc:interceptor></mvc:interceptors><mvc:annotation-driven /><!-- 静态资源(js/image)的訪问 --><mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" /><!-- 定义视图解析器 --> <!-- 配置velocity引擎处理请求 --><bean id="velocityConfigurer"class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityConfigurer"><!-- <property name="configLocation"> <value>/WEB-INF/toolbox.xml</value></property> --><property name="resourceLoaderPath"><value>/WEB-INF/views/</value></property><property name="velocityProperties"><props><prop key="input.encoding">UTF-8</prop><prop key="output.encoding">UTF-8</prop></props></property></bean><!-- 配置velocity视图解析器 --><bean id="viewResolver"class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityViewResolver"><property name="suffix"><value>.vm</value></property><property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"></property></bean></beans>

2、Maven配置jar包

传统引入jar的方式是将其放入web-inf->lib文件夹里面，无形中增大了项目，并且jar不能统一进行管理。使用Maven的优点之中的一个就是通过配置POM.XML文件自己主动下载jar包,并且通过中心库统一进行管理、版本号的控制等。

这里我们须要引入spring-mvc、servlet特性相关的包，以及tomcat插件(执行)

<?xml version="1.0"?><project xsi:schemaLocation="/POM/4.0.0 /xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>debug</groupId><artifactId>debug</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>war</packaging><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId><version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-test</artifactId><version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId><version>1.6.6</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>5.1.21</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>jstl</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>taglibs</groupId><artifactId>standard</artifactId><version>1.1.2</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId><version>3.6.0.Final</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId><version>3.6.10.Final</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId><version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-mock</artifactId><version>2.0.8</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>commons-lang</groupId><artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId><version>2.5</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>cglib</groupId><artifactId>cglib</artifactId><version>2.1_3</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>javassist</groupId><artifactId>javassist</artifactId><version>3.4.GA</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId><version>3.5.6-Final</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.hibernate</groupId><artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId><version>3.5.6-Final</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId><artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId><version>1.9.8</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId><artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId><version>1.9.8</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId><version>2.4</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId><artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId><version>1.2.2</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId><artifactId>velocity</artifactId><version>1.7</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId><artifactId>velocity-tools</artifactId><version>2.0</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency></dependencies><repositories><repository><snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots><id>central</id><name>Central Repository</name><url>http://repo./maven2</url></repository></repositories><pluginRepositories><pluginRepository><releases><updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy></releases><snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots><id>central</id><name>Central Repository</name><url>http://repo./maven2</url></pluginRepository></pluginRepositories><build><sourceDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src</sourceDirectory><scriptSourceDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src\main\scripts</scriptSourceDirectory><testSourceDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src\test\java</testSourceDirectory><outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\classes</outputDirectory><testOutputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\test-classes</testOutputDirectory><resources><resource><directory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src\main\resources</directory></resource></resources><testResources><testResource><directory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src\test\resources</directory></testResource></testResources><directory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target</directory><finalName>debug-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</finalName><pluginManagement><plugins><plugin><artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId><version>1.3</version></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId><version>2.2-beta-5</version></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId><version>2.8</version></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId><version>2.3.2</version></plugin></plugins></pluginManagement><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId><artifactId>tomcat-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>1.1</version><configuration><url>http://127.0.0.1:8080/manager</url><port>8080</port><server>TomcatServer</server><path>/debug</path><uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding></configuration></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId><version>2.5.1</version><executions><execution><id>default-testCompile</id><phase>test-compile</phase><goals><goal>testCompile</goal></goals><configuration><source>1.7</source><target>1.7</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding></configuration></execution><execution><id>default-compile</id><phase>compile</phase><goals><goal>compile</goal></goals><configuration><source>1.7</source><target>1.7</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding></configuration></execution></executions><configuration><source>1.7</source><target>1.7</target><encoding>UTF-8</encoding></configuration></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId><version>2.5</version><executions><execution><id>default-clean</id><phase>clean</phase><goals><goal>clean</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId><version>2.4</version><executions><execution><id>default-install</id><phase>install</phase><goals><goal>install</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId><version>2.6</version><executions><execution><id>default-resources</id><phase>process-resources</phase><goals><goal>resources</goal></goals></execution><execution><id>default-testResources</id><phase>process-test-resources</phase><goals><goal>testResources</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId><version>2.12.4</version><executions><execution><id>default-test</id><phase>test</phase><goals><goal>test</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId><version>2.2</version><executions><execution><id>default-war</id><phase>package</phase><goals><goal>war</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId><version>2.7</version><executions><execution><id>default-deploy</id><phase>deploy</phase><goals><goal>deploy</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin><plugin><artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId><version>3.3</version><executions><execution><id>default-site</id><phase>site</phase><goals><goal>site</goal></goals><configuration><outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\site</outputDirectory><reportPlugins><reportPlugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId></reportPlugin></reportPlugins></configuration></execution><execution><id>default-deploy</id><phase>site-deploy</phase><goals><goal>deploy</goal></goals><configuration><outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\site</outputDirectory><reportPlugins><reportPlugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId></reportPlugin></reportPlugins></configuration></execution></executions><configuration><outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\site</outputDirectory><reportPlugins><reportPlugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId></reportPlugin></reportPlugins></configuration></plugin></plugins></build><reporting><outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\site</outputDirectory></reporting></project

上述配置中有关于git的都能够删掉。

測试

经过一些努力最终配置好了springmvc，以下进行一个简单的登录測试。

LoginController:

package com.ceis.core.controller.login;import javax.annotation.Resource;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import com.ceis.core.controller.BaseController;import com.ceis.core.po.User;import com.ceis.core.service.UserService;@Controllerpublic class LoginController extends BaseController{@Resource(name="userService")private UserService userService;@RequestMapping("/login")public ModelAndView login(User user,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){ModelAndView view = null;user.setPassword(request.getParameter("password"));user.setName(request.getParameter("username"));if(userService.login(user.getName(),user.getPassword())){view = createLayoutView("content");request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);return view;}elsereturn new ModelAndView("login");}/*** 退出登录必须清空session* @param user* @param request* @return the login.jsp*/@RequestMapping("/loginOut")public String loginOut(User user,HttpServletRequest request){HttpSession httpSession = request.getSession();httpSession.removeAttribute("user");httpSession.invalidate();//session不可用return "redirect:login.jsp";//请求重定向到首页}}

至于service的代码这里就不给出了。

登录页面的核心代码:

<!-- Login Screen --><div class="login-wrapper"><div class="login-container"><img width="100" height="30" src="resources/images/logo-login-big.png" /><form action="login" method="post"><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" placeholder="用户名"type="text" name="username"></div><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" placeholder="password" type="password" name="password"><inputtype="submit" value=""></div><div class="form-options clearfix"><a class="pull-right" href="#">忘记password?</a><div class="text-left"><label class="checkbox"><input type="checkbox"><span>记住password</span></label></div></div></form><div class="social-login clearfix"><a class="btn btn-primary pull-left facebook" href=""><iclass="icon-facebook"></i>Facebook login</a><aclass="btn btn-primary pull-right twitter" href=""><iclass="icon-twitter"></i>Twitter login</a></div><p class="signup">没有账户? <a href="signup">马上注冊</a></p></div></div>

form表单的action的值就是LoginController的login方法的requestMapping路径。

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