python写一个AI对战五子棋游戏
前言一、游戏思路模块1.模块一2.绘制棋盘3.七种有效棋形4.AI人工智能5.控制菜单二、源代码1.引入库总结前言
五子棋作为经典的棋盘游戏之一，也是挺受欢迎的，今天就来制作一个五子棋游戏，效果如图
一、游戏思路模块
1.模块一
设置参数{1.单元格大小 2.棋盘大小 3.按钮大小}
2.绘制棋盘
1.绘制表格 2.绘制棋子 3.更新棋子 4.回合切换
3.七种有效棋形
连五，活四，冲四，活三，眠三，活二，眠二
4.AI人工智能
黑棋和白棋分组，遍历棋形，分别评分，得到最优解
5.控制菜单
1.选择白棋 2.选择黑棋 3.投降
二、源代码
1.引入库
代码如下（示例）：
import copyimport timefrom enum import IntEnumimport pygamefrom pygame.locals import *time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")version = str(time)# 基础参数设置square_size = 40 # 单格的宽度（不是格数！是为了方便绘制棋盘用的变量chess_size = square_size // 2 - 2 # 棋子大小web_broad = 15 # 棋盘格数+1（nxn）map_w = web_broad * square_size # 棋盘长度map_h = web_broad * square_size # 棋盘高度info_w = 60 # 按钮界面宽度button_w = 120 # 按钮长宽button_h = 45screen_w = map_w # 总窗口长宽screen_h = map_h + info_w# 地图绘制模块class MAP_ENUM(IntEnum): # 用数字表示当前格的情况be_empty = 0, # 无人下player1 = 1, # 玩家一，执白player2 = 2, # 玩家二，执黑out_of_range = 3, # 出界class Map: # 地图类def __init__(self, width, height): # 构造函数self.width = widthself.height = heightself.map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)] # 存储棋盘的二维数组self.steps = [] # 记录步骤先后def get_init(self): # 重置棋盘for y in range(self.height):for x in range(self.width):self.map[y][x] = 0self.steps = []def intoNextTurn(self, turn): # 进入下一回合，交换下棋人if turn == MAP_ENUM.player1:return MAP_ENUM.player2else:return MAP_ENUM.player1def getLocate(self, x, y): # 输入下标，返回具体位置map_x = x * square_sizemap_y = y * square_sizereturn (map_x, map_y, square_size, square_size) # 返回位置信息def getIndex(self, map_x, map_y): # 输入具体位置，返回下标x = map_x // square_sizey = map_y // square_sizereturn (x, y)def isInside(self, map_x, map_y): # 是否在有效范围内if (map_x <= 0 or map_x >= map_w ormap_y <= 0 or map_y >= map_h):return Falsereturn Truedef isEmpty(self, x, y): # 当前格子是否已经有棋子return (self.map[y][x] == 0)def click(self, x, y, type): # 点击的下棋动作self.map[y][x] = type.value # 下棋self.steps.append((x, y)) # 记录步骤信息def printChessPiece(self, screen): # 绘制棋子player_one = (255, 245, 238) # 象牙白player_two = (41, 36, 33) # 烟灰player_color = [player_one, player_two]for i in range(len(self.steps)):x, y = self.steps[i]map_x, map_y, width, height = self.getLocate(x, y)pos, radius = (map_x + width // 2, map_y + height // 2), chess_sizeturn = self.map[y][x]pygame.draw.circle(screen, player_color[turn - 1], pos, radius) # 画def drawBoard(self, screen): # 画棋盘color = (0, 0, 0) # 线色for y in range(self.height):# 画横着的棋盘线start_pos, end_pos = (square_size // 2, square_size // 2 + square_size * y), (map_w - square_size // 2, square_size // 2 + square_size * y)pygame.draw.line(screen, color, start_pos, end_pos, 1)for x in range(self.width):# 画竖着的棋盘线start_pos, end_pos = (square_size // 2 + square_size * x, square_size // 2), (square_size // 2 + square_size * x, map_h - square_size // 2)pygame.draw.line(screen, color, start_pos, end_pos, 1)# 高级AI模块class SITUATION(IntEnum): # 棋型NONE = 0, # 无SLEEP_TWO = 1, # 眠二LIVE_TWO = 2, # 活二SLEEP_THREE = 3, # 眠三LIVE_THREE = 4, # 活三CHONG_FOUR = 5, # 冲四LIVE_FOUR = 6, # 活四LIVE_FIVE = 7, # 活五SITUATION_NUM = 8 # 长度# 方便后续调用枚举内容FIVE = SITUATION.LIVE_FIVE.valueL4, L3, L2 = SITUATION.LIVE_FOUR.value, SITUATION.LIVE_THREE.value, SITUATION.LIVE_TWO.valueS4, S3, S2 = SITUATION.CHONG_FOUR.value, SITUATION.SLEEP_THREE.value, SITUATION.SLEEP_TWO.valueclass MyChessAI():def __init__(self, chess_len): # 构造函数self.len = chess_len # 当前棋盘大小# 二维数组，每一格存的是：横评分，纵评分，左斜评分，右斜评分self.record = [[[0, 0, 0, 0] for i in range(chess_len)] for j in range(chess_len)]# 存储当前格具体棋型数量self.count = [[0 for i in range(SITUATION_NUM)] for j in range(2)]# 位置分（同条件下越靠近棋盘中央越高）self.position_isgreat = [[(web_broad - max(abs(i - web_broad / 2 + 1), abs(j - web_broad / 2 + 1))) for i in range(chess_len)]for j in range(chess_len)]def get_init(self): # 初始化for i in range(self.len):for j in range(self.len):for k in range(4):self.record[i][j][k] = 0for i in range(len(self.count)):for j in range(len(self.count[0])):self.count[i][j] = 0self.save_count = 0def isWin(self, board, turn): # 当前人胜利return self.evaluate(board, turn, True)# 返回所有未下棋坐标（位置从好到坏）def genmove(self, board, turn):moves = []for y in range(self.len):for x in range(self.len):if board[y][x] == 0:score = self.position_isgreat[y][x]moves.append((score, x, y))moves.sort(reverse=True)return moves# 返回当前最优解下标def search(self, board, turn):moves = self.genmove(board, turn)bestmove = Nonemax_score = -99999 # 无穷小for score, x, y in moves:board[y][x] = turn.valuescore = self.evaluate(board, turn)board[y][x] = 0if score > max_score:max_score = scorebestmove = (max_score, x, y)return bestmove# 主要用于测试的函数，现在已经没什么用def findBestChess(self, board, turn):# time1 = time.time()score, x, y = self.search(board, turn)# time2 = time.time()# print('time:%f (%d, %d)' % ((time2 - time1), x, y))return (x, y)# 得出一点的评分# 直接列举所有棋型def getScore(self, mychess, yourchess):mscore, oscore = 0, 0if mychess[FIVE] > 0:return (10000, 0)if yourchess[FIVE] > 0:return (0, 10000)if mychess[S4] >= 2:mychess[L4] += 1if yourchess[L4] > 0:return (0, 9050)if yourchess[S4] > 0:return (0, 9040)if mychess[L4] > 0:return (9030, 0)if mychess[S4] > 0 and mychess[L3] > 0:return (9020, 0)if yourchess[L3] > 0 and mychess[S4] == 0:return (0, 9010)if (mychess[L3] > 1 and yourchess[L3] == 0 and yourchess[S3] == 0):return (9000, 0)if mychess[S4] > 0:mscore += 2000if mychess[L3] > 1:mscore += 500elif mychess[L3] > 0:mscore += 100if yourchess[L3] > 1:oscore += 2000elif yourchess[L3] > 0:oscore += 400if mychess[S3] > 0:mscore += mychess[S3] * 10if yourchess[S3] > 0:oscore += yourchess[S3] * 10if mychess[L2] > 0:mscore += mychess[L2] * 4if yourchess[L2] > 0:oscore += yourchess[L2] * 4if mychess[S2] > 0:mscore += mychess[S2] * 4if yourchess[S2] > 0:oscore += yourchess[S2] * 4return (mscore, oscore) # 自我辅助效果，counter对面效果# 对上述得分进行进一步处理def evaluate(self, board, turn, checkWin=False):self.get_init()if turn == MAP_ENUM.player1:me = 1you = 2else:me = 2you = 1for y in range(self.len):for x in range(self.len):if board[y][x] == me:self.evaluatePoint(board, x, y, me, you)elif board[y][x] == you:self.evaluatePoint(board, x, y, you, me)mychess = self.count[me - 1]yourchess = self.count[you - 1]if checkWin:return mychess[FIVE] > 0 # 检查是否已经胜利else:mscore, oscore = self.getScore(mychess, yourchess)return (mscore - oscore) # 自我辅助效果，counter对面效果def evaluatePoint(self, board, x, y, me, you):direction = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)] # 四个方向for i in range(4):if self.record[y][x][i] == 0:# 检查当前方向棋型self.getBasicSituation(board, x, y, i, direction[i], me, you, self.count[me - 1])else:self.save_count += 1# 把当前方向棋型存储下来，方便后续使用def getLine(self, board, x, y, direction, me, you):line = [0 for i in range(9)]# “光标”移到最左端tmp_x = x + (-5 * direction[0])tmp_y = y + (-5 * direction[1])for i in range(9):tmp_x += direction[0]tmp_y += direction[1]if (tmp_x < 0 or tmp_x >= self.len or tmp_y < 0 or tmp_y >= self.len):line[i] = you # 出界else:line[i] = board[tmp_y][tmp_x]return line# 把当前方向的棋型识别成具体情况（如把MMMMX识别成冲四）def getBasicSituation(self, board, x, y, dir_index, dir, me, you, count):# record赋值def setRecord(self, x, y, left, right, dir_index, direction):tmp_x = x + (-5 + left) * direction[0]tmp_y = y + (-5 + left) * direction[1]for i in range(left, right):tmp_x += direction[0]tmp_y += direction[1]self.record[tmp_y][tmp_x][dir_index] = 1empty = MAP_ENUM.be_empty.valueleft_index, right_index = 4, 4line = self.getLine(board, x, y, dir, me, you)while right_index < 8:if line[right_index + 1] != me:breakright_index += 1while left_index > 0:if line[left_index - 1] != me:breakleft_index -= 1left_range, right_range = left_index, right_indexwhile right_range < 8:if line[right_range + 1] == you:breakright_range += 1while left_range > 0:if line[left_range - 1] == you:breakleft_range -= 1chess_range = right_range - left_range + 1if chess_range < 5:setRecord(self, x, y, left_range, right_range, dir_index, dir)return SITUATION.NONEsetRecord(self, x, y, left_index, right_index, dir_index, dir)m_range = right_index - left_index + 1if m_range == 5:count[FIVE] += 1# 活四冲四if m_range == 4:left_empty = right_empty = Falseif line[left_index - 1] == empty:left_empty = Trueif line[right_index + 1] == empty:right_empty = Trueif left_empty and right_empty:count[L4] += 1elif left_empty or right_empty:count[S4] += 1# 活三眠三if m_range == 3:left_empty = right_empty = Falseleft_four = right_four = Falseif line[left_index - 1] == empty:if line[left_index - 2] == me: # MXMMMsetRecord(self, x, y, left_index - 2, left_index - 1, dir_index, dir)count[S4] += 1left_four = Trueleft_empty = Trueif line[right_index + 1] == empty:if line[right_index + 2] == me: # MMMXMsetRecord(self, x, y, right_index + 1, right_index + 2, dir_index, dir)count[S4] += 1right_four = Trueright_empty = Trueif left_four or right_four:passelif left_empty and right_empty:if chess_range > 5: # XMMMXX, XXMMMXcount[L3] += 1else: # PXMMMXPcount[S3] += 1elif left_empty or right_empty: # PMMMX, XMMMPcount[S3] += 1# 活二眠二if m_range == 2:left_empty = right_empty = Falseleft_three = right_three = Falseif line[left_index - 1] == empty:if line[left_index - 2] == me:setRecord(self, x, y, left_index - 2, left_index - 1, dir_index, dir)if line[left_index - 3] == empty:if line[right_index + 1] == empty: # XMXMMXcount[L3] += 1else: # XMXMMPcount[S3] += 1left_three = Trueelif line[left_index - 3] == you: # PMXMMXif line[right_index + 1] == empty:count[S3] += 1left_three = Trueleft_empty = Trueif line[right_index + 1] == empty:if line[right_index + 2] == me:if line[right_index + 3] == me: # MMXMMsetRecord(self, x, y, right_index + 1, right_index + 2, dir_index, dir)count[S4] += 1right_three = Trueelif line[right_index + 3] == empty:# setRecord(self, x, y, right_index+1, right_index+2, dir_index, dir)if left_empty: # XMMXMXcount[L3] += 1else: # PMMXMXcount[S3] += 1right_three = Trueelif left_empty: # XMMXMPcount[S3] += 1right_three = Trueright_empty = Trueif left_three or right_three:passelif left_empty and right_empty: # XMMXcount[L2] += 1elif left_empty or right_empty: # PMMX, XMMPcount[S2] += 1# 特殊活二眠二（有空格if m_range == 1:left_empty = right_empty = Falseif line[left_index - 1] == empty:if line[left_index - 2] == me:if line[left_index - 3] == empty:if line[right_index + 1] == you: # XMXMPcount[S2] += 1left_empty = Trueif line[right_index + 1] == empty:if line[right_index + 2] == me:if line[right_index + 3] == empty:if left_empty: # XMXMXcount[L2] += 1else: # PMXMXcount[S2] += 1elif line[right_index + 2] == empty:if line[right_index + 3] == me and line[right_index + 4] == empty: # XMXXMXcount[L2] += 1# 以上都不是则为none棋型return SITUATION.NONE# 主程序实现部分# 控制进程按钮类（父类）class Button:def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y, color, enable): # 构造函数self.screen = screenself.width = button_wself.height = button_hself.button_color = colorself.text_color = (255, 255, 255) # 纯白self.enable = enableself.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, button_h * 2 // 3)self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)self.rect.topleft = (x, y)self.text = textself.init_msg()# 重写pygame内置函数，初始化我们的按钮def init_msg(self):if self.enable:self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])else:self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center# 根据按钮enable状态填色，具体颜色在后续子类控制def draw(self):if self.enable:self.screen.fill(self.button_color[0], self.rect)else:self.screen.fill(self.button_color[1], self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)class WhiteStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（选白棋）def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(26, 173, 25), (158, 217, 157)], True)def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色game.start()game.winner = Nonegame.multiple = Falseself.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])self.enable = Falsereturn Truereturn Falsedef unclick(self): # 取消点击if not self.enable:self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])self.enable = Trueclass BlackStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（选黑棋）def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(26, 173, 25), (158, 217, 157)], True)def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色，安排AI先手game.start()game.winner = Nonegame.multiple = Falsegame.useAI = Trueself.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])self.enable = Falsereturn Truereturn Falsedef unclick(self): # 取消点击if not self.enable:self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])self.enable = Trueclass GiveupButton(Button): # 投降按钮（任何模式都能用def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y):super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(230, 67, 64), (236, 139, 137)], False)def click(self, game): # 结束游戏，判断赢家if self.enable:game.is_play = Falseif game.winner is None:game.winner = game.map.intoNextTurn(game.player)self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])self.enable = Falsereturn Truereturn Falsedef unclick(self): # 保持不变，填充颜色if not self.enable:self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])self.enable = Trueclass MultiStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（多人游戏）def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(153, 51, 250), (221, 160, 221)], True) # 紫色def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色game.start()game.winner = Nonegame.multiple=Trueself.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])self.enable = Falsereturn Truereturn Falsedef unclick(self): # 取消点击if not self.enable:self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])self.enable = Trueclass Game: # pygame类,以下所有功能都是根据需要重写def __init__(self, caption):pygame.init()self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode([screen_w, screen_h])pygame.display.set_caption(caption)self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()self.buttons = []self.buttons.append(WhiteStartButton(self.screen, 'choose white', 20, map_h))self.buttons.append(BlackStartButton(self.screen, 'choose black', 190, map_h))self.buttons.append(GiveupButton(self.screen, 'surrdender', 360, map_h))self.buttons.append(MultiStartButton(self.screen, 'Multiple', 530, map_h))self.is_play = Falseself.map = Map(web_broad, web_broad)self.player = MAP_ENUM.player1self.action = Noneself.AI = MyChessAI(web_broad)self.useAI = Falseself.winner = Noneself.multiple = Falsedef start(self):self.is_play = Trueself.player = MAP_ENUM.player1 # 白棋先手self.map.get_init()def play(self):# 画底板self.clock.tick(60)wood_color = (210, 180, 140)pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, wood_color, pygame.Rect(0, 0, map_w, screen_h))pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, (255, 255, 255), pygame.Rect(map_w, 0, info_w, screen_h))# 画按钮for button in self.buttons:button.draw()if self.is_play and not self.isOver():if self.useAI and not self.multiple:x, y = self.AI.findBestChess(self.map.map, self.player)self.checkClick(x, y, True)self.useAI = Falseif self.action is not None:self.checkClick(self.action[0], self.action[1])self.action = Noneif not self.isOver():self.changeMouseShow()if self.isOver():self.showWinner()# self.buttons[0].enable = True# self.buttons[1].enable = True# self.buttons[2].enable = Falseself.map.drawBoard(self.screen)self.map.printChessPiece(self.screen)def changeMouseShow(self): # 开始游戏的时候把鼠标预览切换成预览棋子的样子map_x, map_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()x, y = self.map.getIndex(map_x, map_y)if self.map.isInside(map_x, map_y) and self.map.isEmpty(x, y): # 在棋盘内且当前无棋子pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)smoke_blue = (176, 224, 230)pos, radius = (map_x, map_y), chess_sizepygame.draw.circle(self.screen, smoke_blue, pos, radius)else:pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)def checkClick(self, x, y, isAI=False): # 后续处理self.map.click(x, y, self.player)if self.AI.isWin(self.map.map, self.player):self.winner = self.playerself.click_button(self.buttons[2])else:self.player = self.map.intoNextTurn(self.player)if not isAI:self.useAI = Truedef mouseClick(self, map_x, map_y): # 处理下棋动作if self.is_play and self.map.isInside(map_x, map_y) and not self.isOver():x, y = self.map.getIndex(map_x, map_y)if self.map.isEmpty(x, y):self.action = (x, y)def isOver(self): # 中断条件return self.winner is not Nonedef showWinner(self): # 输出胜者def showFont(screen, text, location_x, locaiton_y, height):font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, height)font_image = font.render(text, True, (255, 215, 0), (255, 255, 255)) # 金黄色font_image_rect = font_image.get_rect()font_image_rect.x = location_xfont_image_rect.y = locaiton_yscreen.blit(font_image, font_image_rect)if self.winner == MAP_ENUM.player1:str = 'White Wins!'else:str = 'Black Wins!'showFont(self.screen, str, map_w / 5, screen_h / 8, 100) # 居上中，字号100pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)def click_button(self, button):if button.click(self):for tmp in self.buttons:if tmp != button:tmp.unclick()def check_buttons(self, mouse_x, mouse_y):for button in self.buttons:if button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y):self.click_button(button)break# 以下为pygame1.9帮助文档的示例代码if __name__ == '__main__':game = Game(version)while True:game.play()pygame.display.update()for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:pygame.quit()exit()elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()game.mouseClick(mouse_x, mouse_y)game.check_buttons(mouse_x, mouse_y)
总结
以上就是五子棋的源码了，需要的自己CV,想要一起探讨学习python的 点击这里，我们一起加油学。
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