Matlab实现基于元胞自动机模拟室内人员疏散的最基本模型

1 简介

为了消除礼堂的安全隐患,制定 行之有效的应急预案,有必要对礼堂人群疏散运动进行研究,掌握礼堂人群疏散的一般特点和规律.采用基于二维元胞自动机模型对某高校礼堂发生人群疏散运动进 行仿真,找出影响礼堂人群疏散效率的关键因素,为高校礼堂设计提供支持;为高校礼堂制定突发事件应急预案提供参考.

2 部分代码

function [Occupied, DynField, cur_evacuated] = myUpdate(OccupiedOld, DynFieldOld, StatField, params)% 在这个函数里面将完成障碍物静止与人员移动% 这个函数能跑通，本来的update不知道为什么跑不通。global neibrs;global neighborFlags;global inverseNeighbors;global inverseNeighborFlags;​​neibrs = [-1 0 ; +1 0 ; 0 -1; 0 +1; 0 0];neighborFlags = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 0];inverseNeighbors = [2 1 4 3 0];% 与neibrs互为倒置关系，会在move的32行体现出来inverseNeighborFlags(1) = 0; % 跟前面的 neighborFlags 相对应inverseNeighborFlags(2) = 1;inverseNeighborFlags(4) = 2;inverseNeighborFlags(8) = 3;inverseNeighborFlags(16) = 4; % 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4​[n, m] = size(OccupiedOld); % 即 n = m = 50.Occupied = OccupiedOld; % 这里的OccupiedOld就是更新前的Occupied，即evacuation.m中的Occupied。DynField = DynFieldOld; % 同上。​miu = params(5);% friction parameter = 0.1​cur_evacuated = 0;​for i = 2: n-1% 因为1和n是墙for j = 2: m-1% 1和m是墙if(OccupiedOld(i,j) == 0 || OccupiedOld(i,j) == 100) % 找到不是空和障碍物的(i,j)continue; % 即布置了人的(i,j)，不然一直对i,j进行循环end​% 每循环出一个有人的(i,j)，就进一次move，确定移动的方向[moveI, moveJ, id] = move(OccupiedOld, DynFieldOld, StatField, i, j, params);​if(id ~= 0) % if we moved - to door or to empty cell ，如果不是停步不前，对应的是move里面id=5id = neighborFlags(id+1);DynField(i, j) = DynField(i, j)+1;% 该位置有人经过，则Dyn+1Occupied(i, j) = 0;% 这一点的人走了过后，这个位置的Occupied就又重置为0了​%if not door keep tracking who is inif ((moveI>1) && (moveI<n) && (moveJ>1) && (moveJ<m))% 如果这个点的下一步，即moveI和moveJ都还在房间内Occupied(moveI,moveJ) = bitor(Occupied(moveI, moveJ),id);% bitor 是按位逻辑或运算，赋值为之后的惯性方向寻找做铺垫elsecur_evacuated = cur_evacuated + 1;endendendend​% resolve conflicts 解决冲突，miu的概率所有人原地不动% if several pedestrains decided to move to the same cell% with probability miu all pedestrains stay on thier previous places% and with probability 1 - miu one random pedestrain moves​for i = 2: n-1for j = 2: m-1​if(Occupied(i,j) == 0) % 找到不是0的即已经被占据的(i,j)continue;end​candidates = zeros(1);cnt = 1;for k=1:4 % 为什么k只需要是1:4？and_ = bitand(Occupied(i,j), neighborFlags(k+1)); % bitand 是按位逻辑且运算if(and_ == neighborFlags(k+1)) % if somebody entered cellcandidates(cnt) = k; % from direction of k-th neighborcnt = cnt + 1;endend​if(length(candidates) > 1)event = rand(1);if(event > miu) % one moves​% chose moving with equal probabilitymove_id = randi(length(candidates));​Occupied(i, j) = neighborFlags(candidates(move_id)+1);​if( (i <= 1) || (i >= n) || (j <= 1) || (j >= m)) %if doorcur_evacuated = cur_evacuated-length(candidates)+1;end​for k=1:length(candidates)if(k ~= move_id)[moveI, moveJ] = getNeighbor(i, j, candidates(k));DynField(moveI, moveJ) = DynField(moveI, moveJ)-1;Occupied(moveI,moveJ) = 1;endend​else % nobody movesOccupied(i,j) = 0;​if((i <= 1) || (i >= n) || (j <= 1) || (j >= m)) % if doorcur_evacuated = cur_evacuated - length(candidates);end​for k=1:length(candidates)[moveI, moveJ] = getNeighbor(i, j, candidates(k));DynField(moveI, moveJ) = DynField(moveI, moveJ)-1;Occupied(moveI,moveJ) = 1;endendendendend​%update Dynamic field​alpha = params(3); % diffusion of dynamic fielddelta = params(4); % decay of dynamic field​for i = 2: n -1for j = 2: m -1​eventDecay = rand(1);if(DynField(i,j) == 0) % D must be non-negativecontinue;end​if(eventDecay < delta)DynField(i, j) = DynField(i, j) - 1; % decayendif(DynField(i,j) == 0) % D must be non-negative 非负continue;end​eventDiffuse = rand(1);if(eventDiffuse < alpha)DynField(i, j) = DynField(i, j) - 1; % diffuse​% choose neight to which boson will movenightborToDecay = randi(4);[moveI, moveJ] = getNeighbor(i, j, nightborToDecay);DynField(moveI, moveJ) = DynField(moveI, moveJ) + 1;endendend​% Occupied=zeros(50,50);% DynField=zeros(50,50);% cur_evacuated=0;end​​

3 仿真结果

4 参考文献

[1]梅圣显. 基于元胞自动机模型的公共场所人员应急疏散研究. Diss. 哈尔滨工业大学.

博主简介：擅长智能优化算法、神经网络预测、信号处理、元胞自动机、图像处理、路径规划、无人机等多种领域的Matlab仿真，相关matlab代码问题可私信交流。

部分理论引用网络文献，若有侵权联系博主删除。

​

如果觉得《Matlab实现基于元胞自动机模拟室内人员疏散的最基本模型》对你有帮助，请点赞、收藏，并留下你的观点哦！