12月22日讯/生物谷BIOON/过度饮酒是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。在美国，酗酒是最常见的形式，事实上，美国疾病控制和预防中心报告大约有六分之一的成年人每月进行四次酗酒。现在，密苏里大学医学院的研究人员的一项研究表明，长期饮酒结合反复酗酒比此前认为的要导致更大的肝脏损伤。
“重度酗酒的人习惯性饮酒是最常见的导致慢性酒精性肝损伤肝病的原因，”Shivendra Shukla说， “我们知道这种行为在肝脏内会导致大量的脂肪沉积，最终损害器官正常工作的能力。然而，我们想要了解导致这种损害和损害程度的机制。我们的研究集中于不同形式的饮酒和这些行为引起的后果。”
Shukla的小组研究了实验小鼠用以检测长期饮酒，反复酗酒和两者结合引起肝损伤的程度。在这四周期间，研究小组发现， 长期饮酒和反复过度酗酒的小鼠表现出最高水平的肝损伤。
“与不饮酒的对照组相比，不管是长期饮酒或者是过度反复饮酒都会引起中度肝损伤，“Shukla说。“这一结果并不奇怪。然而，如果小鼠长期饮酒并反复过度酗酒，那么小鼠的肝损伤就会极大增加。更令人震惊的是长期大量饮酒会造成肝脏脂肪过度沉积，比对照组大约高出13倍。”
肝内一部分高度脂肪堆积是由肝内新陈代谢变化造成的。这些变化不仅明显增加了肝内脂肪沉积，而且降低了肝脏抵抗压力的能力。
Shukla还指出，慢性饮酒和过度饮酒不只与肝损伤有关。
“过度饮酒可以引起肝脏和身体其他器官系统的炎症反应，”Shukla说。“如果这些器官工作处于较低水平，之后的整个宿主的生理过程都会受到影响。重要的是我们要了解酗酒造成的危害程度，这也会导致其它的健康问题，比如糖尿病、心血管疾病和某些癌症等。”
（生物谷）
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Excessive alcohol consumption is a global public health issue. In the United States, binge drinking is the most common form—so common, in fact, that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports approximately one in six adults binge drinks about four times each month. Now, a study by University of Missouri School of Medicine researchers shows that chronic alcohol use, when combined with repeated binge drinking, causes more damage to the liver than previously thought. "Heavy binge drinking by those who habitually consume alcohol is the most common cause of liver damage in chronic alcoholic liver disease," said Shivendra Shukla, Ph.D., the Margaret Proctor Mulligan Professor of medical pharmacology and physiology at the MU School of Medicine and lead author of the study. "We know that this behavior causes large fatty deposits in the liver that ultimately impair the organs ability to function properly. However, we wanted to understand the mechanism that causes this damage and the extent of the harm. Our research focused on different forms of alcohol abuse and the results of those behaviors." Shuklas team studied mice to examine the extent of liver injury caused by chronic alcohol use, repeat binge episodes and a combination of both. During a four-week period, the team found that mice exposed to chronic alcohol use and repeated binge consumption exhibited the highest levels of liver damage. "Either chronic alcohol use or acute repeat binge episodes caused moderate liver damage when compared to the control group not exposed to alcohol," Shukla said. "This outcome came as no surprise. However, in the mice exposed to both chronic use and repeat binge episodes, liver damage increased tremendously. Even more shocking was the extent of fatty deposits in the livers of those exposed to chronic plus binge alcohol. It was approximately 13 times higher than the control group." The highly amplified fat accumulation was in part caused by metabolic changes within the liver. These changes not only significantly increased fatty liver deposits, but increased stress on the organ while decreasing the livers ability to fight the stress. Shukla also pointed out that chronic and excessive alcohol use should not be associated only with liver damage. "Drinking alcohol excessively can create an inflammatory response to the liver and other organ systems in the body," Shukla said. "If those organs work at a lower level of function, then a whole host of physiological processes can be affected. It is important for us to understand the extent of damage caused by alcohol abuse, which also can lead to other health issues such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer."
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