写在前面：本文是对英语一考研真题4篇阅读的整理。
文章目录
英语一真题Text1 时尚界审美的变化词汇积累句子积累Text2 英国乡村需要保护词汇积累句子积累Text3 企业的社会责任（CSR）词汇积累句子积累Text4 纽约时报停止印刷纸质版？词汇积累句子积累英语一真题
Text1 时尚界审美的变化
词汇积累
preliminary 初步的
incite 激起
uplifting (在道德、文化等方面)进行提升的
tape-measure 皮尺，卷尺
个人价值 individual worth
impinge on 对…有明显作用(或影响);妨碍;侵犯
记忆技巧：im 进入 + ping 系紧 + e → 紧迫进入 → 侵犯
时尚界 fashion industry
年轻女孩 teenage girls
arbiter 仲裁者，裁决人
faintly adv. 淡淡;隐约地;有气无力地;
无形的品质：intangible quality
adornment 装饰
physique 体形，体格 英 [fɪˈziːk] 重音在后！！！
提倡极端节食：promoting extreme dieting
煽动过度瘦身：incite excessive thinness
确定自己的个人价值：determine their individual worth
社会尺度： social tape-measure （tape-measure 是卷尺的意思）
wasp waist黄蜂腰， 细腰 n.a very slender waist
理想化的身材：idealized body types
追求外在物质装饰：focusing on material adornment
句子积累
【1】The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” bypromoting extreme dieting.
翻译：议会还同意禁止那些通过提倡极端节食“煽动过度瘦身”的网站。
【2】Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.
翻译：这些措施有几种积极的目的。
【3】 They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls ,about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
翻译：他们建议，美丽不应该以影响健康的外表来定义。它告诉时尚界必须对它向女性，尤其是少女发出的信号负责，她们必须用社会尺度来确定自己的个人价值。
【4】 The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly ,they hint that people shouldlook to intangible qualities like character and intellectrather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
翻译：这些禁令，如果得到充分执行，将向女性（和许多男性）建议，他们不应该让别人来评判自己的美丽。或许还有些微弱地暗示人们应该关注诸如性格和智力等无形的品质，而不是节食到零码或黄蜂腰的身材。
补充look to：寄望;指望;依靠;考虑;预想;展望
【5】 The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.
翻译：时装业知道，它有一个固有的问题，即注重物质装饰和理想化的体型。
Text2 英国乡村需要保护
本文选择 卫报 11月5日文章 : IsUkipthe Only Party That Cares about the British Countryside? (独立党是唯一关心英国乡村的政党吗？)
词汇积累
⭐⭐⭐endorse this sentiment【支持这种观点】
消费 consume 放在这里的目的是学词根 sum拿，取
记忆技巧：con 加强 + sum 拿，取 + e → 拿完 → 消费
poll 民调
rate as 认为，评价为
green belt 绿化带
居民 dweller
pressure n.催促，强迫，呼吁，（没有翻译成压力，算是熟词僻义吧！）
endorse 赞同，支持
sentiment 观点，看法
conservation 保护
plead v请求
considered 经过深思熟虑的
side with 和……站在一边
strike terror into 使某人胆战心惊
off-plan 计划外
sensible 明智的，合理的
identity v（经考虑）确定
英国政治： Conservatives 保守党；Labour 工党；The Liberal Democrats 自由民主党；Ukip 独立党
meadow /medou/ 草地
lobby 游说团体
high streets 商业街（指市镇商业区的主要街道
stick to 紧跟，紧随，沿着
enviable 英 [ˈenviəbl] 令人羡慕的，让人嫉妒的
retain 保持
let rip 自由自在地行动 ，肆意
休闲的空间：spaces for leisure
呼吸新鲜空气 experience a refreshing air
需要持续保护：needs constant guardianship
……的建立 thecreationof national parks
发展重于保护：gives rural developmentpriority overconservation
句子积累
【1】While polls show Britonsrate“the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Services(NHS)aswhat makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
翻译：虽然民调显示，英国人把“乡村”与王室、莎士比亚和国民保健制度（NHS）作为他们国家最自豪的地方，但这一点在政治上的支持率有限。
【2】A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not torescue stylish housesbut to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was especially to providecity dwellerswith spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’spressures【呼吁】 later let to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes【混凝土消耗，】 more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
翻译：一个世纪前，Octavia Hill成立了国民信托基金（民间组织），目的不是拯救时髦的房屋，而是为了“永远为每个人保留自然之美”。它特别为城市居民提供休闲空间，让他们可以体验“清新的空气”。希尔的呼吁后来促使国家公园和绿化带的建立。他们不再建设乡村，混凝土每年消耗更多。乡村需要持续的保护。
【3】At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to⭐⭐⭐endorse this sentiment【支持这种观点】.The Conservative’s planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation【保护】,evenauthorizing “off-plan” building 【批准计划外建设】where local people might object.Only Ukip ,sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading【呼吁】 fora more considered approach【更周全的方式】 to using green land.Its Campaign to Protect Rural Englandstruck terror intomany local Conservative parties.
翻译：在下一次选举中，似乎没有哪个大党会赞同这种观点。那个保守党的规划改革明确将农村发展置于保护之上，甚至批准在当地居民可能反对的地方进行“计划外”建设。仅英国独立党（Ukip）察觉到了这个机会，站在了那些呼吁采取一种更为慎重的方式来利用绿色陆地一边。其保护英格兰农村地区的运动使当地许多保守党胆战心惊。
【4】Thesensible placeto build new houses,factories and officesis where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place【准备就绪的】. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recentlyidentified【确定】enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
翻译：建造新房子、工厂和办公室的明智之地是人们在的地方，在基础设施完善的城镇。伦敦地产经纪商斯特林·阿克罗伊德（stirling ackroyd）最近确认，仅在伦敦地区，就有足够50万套房屋的选址，而且不会对绿化带造成任何干扰。伦敦都如此在各省更是如此。
【5】The idea that “housing crisis” equal “concrete meadows【用混凝土浇筑的草地】” is pure lobby talk【游说团体的说辞】. The issue is not the need for more houses but ,as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osbornefavors rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal【支持新建房子而非城市翻新或者改造】. He favors out-of-town shopping sites against high streets【商业街】.This is not a free market but a biased one【有偏好的地方】. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges【建筑紧贴城乡的边界】 and respects their character.
翻译：
“住房危机”等同于“水泥草地”的观点纯属游说。问题不是需要更多的房子，而是一如既往地，把它们放在哪里。在游说团体的压力下，乔治·奥斯本支持农村新建，而不是城市改造和翻新。他支持郊外的购物场所而不是商业街。这个不是自由市场，而是一个有偏好的市场。农村城镇和乡村已经发展并将永远发展。在建筑紧贴边缘并尊重其个性的地方，他们做得最好。
Text3 企业的社会责任（CSR）
词汇积累
A Nobel prize winning economist 诺贝尔经济学奖获得者
designed to 旨在……【翻译题真题考过！！！】
clear-cut一目了然的，清晰的，明显的
prosecute 英 [ˈprɒsɪkjuːt] v.起诉;控告;
记忆技巧：pro 向前，在前 + secu 追随 + te → 追随你到〔法院〕门前 → 检举；指控
rule out the possibility that 排除…的可能性
lenient英 [ˈliːniənt] adj.(惩罚或执法时)宽大的，宽容的，仁慈的
名词形式：leniency仁慈，宽大
stand：立场
whereas 尽管， 放在句子中就是though ，表转折
merit：美德，优点；PHRASE 根据事物本身的情况(来评价)
evaluate a case based on its merits 根据案情（案子本身的情况）来评价
贿赂外国官员 bribe foreign officials
increasing corporate giving by about 20% 将企业捐赠增加约20%
diffuse弥漫的;扩散的;难解的;冗长的;啰唆的
记忆技巧：dif 分开 + fus 流，泻；融化 + e → 分流 → 散播
光环效应：halo effect
whereby：凭此，借以；由于
赢得更多的关注：earn it greater consideration
句子积累
【0】And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”,whereby【凭此，借以；由于】 its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
翻译：第三，通过更广泛的“光环效应”，它的善行赢得了消费者和其他人更多的关注。
【1】“There is one and only one social responsibility of business”, wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”
翻译：诺贝尔经济学奖获得者米尔顿·弗里德曼写道：“企业有一种而且只有一种社会责任，那就是利用企业资源，从事旨在增加利润的活动。”
笔者注：学过经济学的人应该听过弗里德曼这个人，太有名了。
【2】The study found that, among prosecuted firms【被起诉的公司】, those with the most comprehensive CSR( Corporate Social Responsibility) programmes tended to get more lenient penalties【更加仁慈的处罚】. Their analysis ruled out the possibility【排除……的可能性】 that it was firm’s political influence ,rather than their CSR stand【立场】, that accounted for the leniency : Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
翻译：
研究发现，在被起诉的公司中，那些拥有最全面的企业社会责任（CSR）计划的公司往往会受到更为宽松的处罚。他们的分析排除了可能是公司的政治影响力，而不是企业的社会责任立场，才导致了这一宽大处理：对政治活动贡献更多的公司并没有得到较低的罚款。
说人话：Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence ,rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency就是 rather than 后面的 东西导致了 处罚时候的宽大处理。
【3】 In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors【检察官】 should only evaluate a case based on its merits【merit本身的情况】, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labor-rights concern, such as child labor, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% rusults in fines that are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.”
翻译
总之，这项研究的结论是，尽管检察官只应根据案情来评估案件，但他们似乎确实受到公司在CRS中的记录的影响。”我们估计，要么消除一个实质性的劳工权益问题，比如童工问题，要么将企业捐赠增加约20%，有这两种行为的公司中因贿赂外国官员的案件要交的罚款比典型惩罚低40%。”
Text4 纽约时报停止印刷纸质版？
词汇积累
Nostalgia 怀旧
rustle 发出轻轻的摩擦声，发出沙沙声;n沙沙声
dwarf 阻碍
印刷版 print edition
overhead：经常费用;经常开支adj 头上方的;地面以上的
circulation：发行量；流通，传递
加速转型： accelerate that transition
discontinue 停止，终止；终止（生产）
blunder：愚蠢的错误
这次（商业等）行动很有远见：Themoveturned out to be foresighted
be in charge：负责
去买他们支持的东西：get the product they favor
维持…的质量 sustain the quality of
句子积累
【1】There will eventually come a day whenThe New York Timesceases topublish stories on newsprint【新闻纸】.
【2】Nostalgia【怀旧，怀念】 for ink on paper and the rustle【沙沙声】 of pages aside,there’s plenty of incentive toditch print.
分析:转折句
翻译：
尽管有对纸上墨水和书页的沙沙声的怀念，但仍有很多动机放弃印刷。
停止印刷： ditch print = cease to publish stories on newsprint.
【3】And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterpart, revenue from print is still declining.
尽管印刷广告收入仍然阻止了线上和移动端的竞争对手，但是印刷报纸的收入还是在下降。
【4】Overhead【经常费用;经常开支】 may be high and circulation【发行量】 lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.
翻译：BuzzFeed首席执行官乔纳•佩雷蒂（JonahPeretti）表示，管理费用可能较高，发行量较低，但匆忙取消印刷版将是一个错误。
circulation的补充：
circulation[C, usually sing.] （报刊）发行量，销售量
the usual number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold each day, week, etc.
a daily circulation of more than one million
日发行量超过一百万份
【5】Figuring out a way toaccelerate that transitionwould make sense for them,but if youdiscontinueit, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.
翻译：想出一种加速转型的方法对他们来说是有意义的，但如果你停止这种转变，你会让你最忠实的客户对你非常不满
【6】Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. It was seen as a blunder【愚蠢的错误】. The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Perettiwere in chargeat the Times?
翻译：佩雷蒂举了Netflix停止其DVD邮寄服务以专注于流媒体的例子。这被认为是一个错误。结果是有远见。而且如果佩雷蒂是纽约时报的负责人呢（他会怎么做）？
【7】The most loyal costumers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.
翻译：最忠诚的顾客仍然会去买他们喜欢的产品，他们会觉得他们在帮助维持他们所信仰的东西的质量。
【8】But we’re going to have questions like thatwhere we have things we’re doing that don’t make sensewhen the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.
但我们会遇到这样的问题：当市场变化和世界变化时，我们在做的事情在哪里没有意义。在这种情况下，更具侵略性比保守要好。【笔者注：联系全文，这句话是说Peretti的公司也可能遇到和纽约时报关于不印刷纸质版报纸一样的情况，也会出现在某一方面出力是没有效果的情况】
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