JDBC的全称是：Java Database Connectivity，即Java数据库连接。
JDBC可以通过载入不同的数据库的“驱动程序”而与不同的数据库进行连接。所以JDBC连接数据库最重要的是url和数据驱动。
一，URL：
oracle:
jdbc:oracle:thin:@host:port:SID
jdbc:oracle:thin:@//host:port/service_name
jdbc:oracle:thin:@TNSName(不常见)
mysql:
jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/数据库名?characterEncoding=UTF-8
sqlserver:
jdbc:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;DatabaseName=数据库名
二，数据驱动：
oracle:
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
mysql:
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
sqlserver:
com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
三：JDBC连接与关闭代码
import java.sql.*;public class JdbcConnect {//连接oracle数据库public static Connection getConnectionOracle() {Connection conn = null;try {//端口默认1521String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@//地址:1521/服务名";String user = "用户名";String password = "密码";Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");//加载数据驱动conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);// 连接数据库} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();System.out.println("加载数据库驱动失败");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();System.out.println("连接数据库失败");}return conn;}//连接mysqlpublic static Connection getConnectionMysql() {Connection conn = null;try {String url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/数据库名?characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=true";String user = "root";String password = "密码";Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");//加载数据驱动conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);// 连接数据库} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();System.out.println("加载数据库驱动失败");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();System.out.println("连接数据库失败");}return conn;}//连接sqlserverpublic static Connection getConnectionSqlserver() {Connection conn = null;try {String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;DatabaseName=数据库名";String user = "sa";String password = "密码";Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver");//加载数据驱动conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);// 连接数据库} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();System.out.println("加载数据库驱动失败");} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();System.out.println("连接数据库失败");}return conn;}public static void close(Connection conn, Statement stmt, ResultSet rs) {if (rs != null) {try {rs.close();} catch (SQLException throwables) {throwables.printStackTrace();}}if (stmt != null) {try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException throwables) {throwables.printStackTrace();}}if (conn != null) {try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException throwables) {throwables.printStackTrace();}}}}
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