《红楼梦》是一篇鸿篇巨制，里面出现了几百个各具特色的人物。每次读这本经典作品都会想一个问题，全书这些人物谁出场最多呢？我们来用Python进行回答。

import jiebaf=open("红楼梦.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")txt=f.read()f.close()words=jieba.lcut(txt)counts={}for word in words:if len(word)==1:continueelse:counts[word]=counts.get(word,0)+1items=list(counts.items())items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)for i in range(15):word,count=items[i]print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word,count))

输出排序前15的单词，输出结果如下：

与英文词频统计类似，需要排除一些与人名无关的词汇，比如“什么”“一个”等等。进一步完善代码。

需要增加排除词库excludes

import jiebaexcludes={"什么","一个","我们","那里","你们","如今",\"说道","知道","老太太","起来","姑娘",\"这里","出来","他们","众人","自己","一面",\"太太","只见","怎么","奶奶","两个","没有",\"不是","不知","这个","听见"}f=open("红楼梦.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")txt=f.read()f.close()words=jieba.lcut(txt)counts={}for word in words:if len(word)==1:continueelse:counts[word]=counts.get(word,0)+1for word in excludes:del(counts[word])items=list(counts.items())items.sort(key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)for i in range(5):word,count=items[i]print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word,count))

输出结果如下：

人物出场词云

要想使以上输出结果更加生动直观，可以利用wordcloud库，将人物出场统计以词云方式展现出来。

首先使用jieba库对“红楼梦.txt”进行分词，分词后的结果以空格重新拼接为文本，并由wordcloud进行处理。无关词汇的排除可以借助wordcloud中的stopwords参数完成。

import jiebafrom wordcloud import WordCloudexcludes={"什么","一个","我们","那里","你们","如今",\"说道","知道","老太太","起来","姑娘",\"这里","出来","他们","众人","自己","一面",\"太太","只见","怎么","奶奶","两个","没有",\"不是","不知","这个","听见"}f=open("红楼梦.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")txt=f.read()f.close()words=jieba.lcut(txt)newtxt=" ".join(words)wordcloud=WordCloud(background_color="white",\width=800,\height=600,\font_path="C:\Windows\Fonts\STHUPO.TTF",\max_words=200,\max_font_size=80,\stopwords=excludes,\).generate(newtxt)wordcloud.to_file("石头记词云.png")

输出结果如下图：

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