XX-XX学年高一英语必修1（冀教版）素材（含教案和练习）
unit 3 men and womendifferent roles in society（2）
一. 教学内容：
unit 3 （ii）
语法讲解：
直接引语和间接引语
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?
1. 人称的转变
（1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
he said，“i am very sorry.” →he said that he was very sorry.
（2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“you should be more careful next time,” my father told me.→
my father told me that i should be more careful the next time.
（3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：
she said to her son, “i"ll check your homework tonight.” →
she said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
（4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
he asked me, “will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” →
he asked me whether i would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2. 时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时
现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
例如：
“i am very glad to visit your school”, she said. →
she said she was very glad to visit our school.
tom said, “we are listening to the pop music.” →
tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
mother asked, “have you finished your homework before you watch tv?” →
mother asked me whether i had finished my homework before i watched tv.
he asked the conductor, “where shall i get off to change to a no. 3 bus?” →
he asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a no. 3 bus.
“why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. →
the teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
mother asked me, “had you finished your homework before you watched tv?” →
mother asked me whether i had finished my homework before i watched tv.
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