英语中代词的种类比较多,今天我们来共同学习一下人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的用法及解题思路。
一、形式:
这三类代词均分为三个人称,第一人称(我、我们),第二人称(你、你们)和第三人称(他、他们),见下表:
注意以下规律:
1、主格和宾格相同的有:you it
2、形容词性物主人词变为名词性物主代词基本都是在后面直接加s, 特殊的是:my变为mine,its his 二者相同。
3、反身代词单数以self结尾,复数以selves结尾。
二、用法:
(一)人称代词:用来代替人或物(名词)的词。
1、分类:主格和宾格。
2、在句中所作成分:
主格:在句子中做主语(动词前为主语)或表语(be动词后面)主语:I like music.表语:It is I that called him yesterday.
宾格:在句子中做宾语(动词、介词后面)或表语(口语中使用较多)宾语:My parents love me.I am afraid of him.表语:Who is knocking at the door?It’s me.
3、并列人称代词顺序:当多个人称代词同时使用时,顺序如下:
1). 单数人称代词并列作主语时,顺序为:第二人称、第三人称 、第一人称,简称:231
如:You, he and I will go to Shanghai on business tomorrow.
2). 复数人称代词并列作主语时,顺序为:第一人称、 第二人称 、 第三人称,简称:123
如:We, you and they are all members of the new club.
3). 在以下情况中,第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误,承担责任时:这个很好理解,也很好记忆,有错误承担责任时要主动,是中华的传统美德。如:It was I and James that made the teacher angry. 是我和詹姆斯惹老师生气了。b. 在长辈对晚辈、上级对下级说话时:这样去记忆,资格老的对小的说话,把有资历的放前面,以示尊重。如:I and you will accept this task. 我和你将要接受这个任务。(我指的是上级)
小结:人称代词顺序要记牢,单数231,复数123,承认错误、上对下、长对晚1在先。
4、it用法多多,不仅仅指代前面提过的事物,还有以下用法:(简单说一下,在it用法大全中有详细讲解)
1)用以明确身份:
Who is knocking at the door? Its me.
谁在敲门?是我。
2)指代婴儿,尤指性别不详的婴儿:
Who is the baby in the photo? It is my younger brother.
照片中的婴儿是谁?是我的弟弟。
3) 代替this和that:
Whats this?
这是什么?
Its a bag.
是个书包。
4)形式主语:
Its easy(adj) to recite words like this.
这样背单词很简单。
5)形式宾语:
I found it easy to study English well.
我发现学好英语很简单。
6)谈论时间、日期、距离、天气、气候、温度等时 it 作为主语:
It is already ten past ten.
It is May 6th today.
It is two kilometers from my school to my house.
It is very hot today.
7)强调句:
It is +强调部分+that/who+其他
It is the teachers who/that give us knowledge.
是老师教给我们知识。
(二)物主代词:表示所属关系的代词,翻译为:…的。1、分类:形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词。
2、句中所做成分:
形容词性物主代词:具有形容词词性,不能单独使用,使用时后面必须加名词,在句中作定语。My bag is new.
名词性物主代词:前句中的名词在后句中再次出现时,为了避免重复,使语言更简练,用名词性物主代词,也就是说,名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。My bag is new, hers(her bag) is old.
名词性物主代词具有名词词性,在句中作主语、宾语、表语。
主语:Her mother is a doctor. Mine is a teacher.表语:This bag is his.宾语:My bag is different from yours.
3、相关用法:
双重所有格:of、名词性物主代词或名词所有格均翻译成…的,所以称为双重所有格。何时用双重所有格呢?
a(an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which)等+名词+of+名词性物主代词或名词所有格,其中初中阶段最常考的是“a/an”打头的双重所有格。
按此句型,“我的朋友之一”应译为 a friend(名词)of mine(名词性物主代词)。
再如:that book of Li Lei’s
如果是the book of the girl,名词前是the,就不用girl’s.
(三)反身代词:翻译为“…自己”
1、句中所作成分:同位语(不能单独做主语),宾语
同位语:The Internet itself is useful, but some people use it in a wrong way. 因特网本身很有用,但有些人错误地使用它。宾语: We must look after ourselves.我们一定要照顾好自己。
2、常见短语:
help oneself to… 随意吃……teach oneself 自学……enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 by oneself 独自 learn…by oneself 自学look after oneself 照顾自己improve oneself 改善自我express oneself 表达自己believe in oneself 相信自己=have confidence in oneselfrespect oneself 自尊introduce oneself 自我介绍relax oneself 自我放松say to oneself 自言自语
3、相关知识链接:
注意反身代词与own区别:反身代词翻译成“...自己”,而own翻译成“自己的”。
如:我自己的房子my own house, 不能说成 myself house
三、解题思路:
做题时主要需要区分的就是物主代词和人称代词,反身代词根据翻译很容易选择,下面我们来看一下如何区分用物主代词还是用人称代词:
区分人称和物主,一个“的”字全解决。
这句顺口溜咱们解读一下就是:翻译成“…的”用物主代词。
有些同学可能说了,那my mother,也没有“的”字呀,那咱们可以这么说,只要能加进去“的”字,必填物主代词。
“我妈妈”也可以说成“我的妈妈”,但“我是一个工人”却不能说成“我的是一个工人”,对吗?
所以,这二种代词的区分就是一个“的”字即可解决!确定好之后再根据上面的用法确定用主格、宾格、形容词性还是名词性物主代词。
举个例子:Her balloon is blue, _____ is yellow. (me).很简单,翻译:“我”是黄色,还是“我的”是黄色,根据上下文,应该是“我的”,确定用物主代词,再来看用形容词性还是名词性,后面没有名词,所以用名词性物主代词,答案是mine,很简单吧!
小结:
这就是我们所讲的三类代词的形式、具体用法、相关知识点及解题思路,大家在心中形成一个知识网络会更容易记忆。
最后我们来检验一下我们的学习成果吧!
四、实战演练:
用所给代词的适当形式填空:
1.You
______ are not a child any longer.
Please look after ________, Lucy.
Help _______ to some fish, Li Lei and Jim.
What is ______ mother?
That is her book. This is _______.
2.I
______ am from China.
_____ parents love _______.
That is Li Lei’s book. This is ______.
I want to look for a person to take the place of _______ because I am too busy to finish it on time.
I can look after _______ well.
I saw it ______.
I am afraid to go out in the evening by _______
3.She
______ studies hard.
______ father is a worker.
She teaches ______ English.
I get on well with_____.
My book is new, _____ is old.
4.We
_______ country is great.
______ live by _______.
This is their classroom. That is ______.
Let _____ plant trees together.
5.They
______ are students.
_______ teachers are patient.
I often play with______.
They are enjoying ________.
My idea is different from ______.
6.He
______ sister is a teacher.
She always encourages him to study hard.
______ is kind.
He learnt to swim by______.
Jim is a friend of _______.
He is shy. He can’t express _______ clearly all the time.
7.it
______ is a cat.
_____ name is Mimi.
I like ______ very much.
The book _____ is very good, but there are so many new words.
参考答案如下:
以上就是人物代词、物主代词、反身代词的所有用法了,希望你能从中找到自己所需要的哟。
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