系统
uname -a# 查看内核/操作系统/CPU信息head -n 1 /etc/issue # 查看操作系统版本cat /proc/cpuinfo# 查看CPU信息hostname# 查看计算机名lspci -tv # 列出所有PCI设备lsusb -tv # 列出所有USB设备lsmod # 列出加载的内核模块env# 查看环境变量
资源
free -m# 查看内存使用量和交换区使用量df -h # 查看各分区使用情况du -sh <目录名> # 查看指定目录的大小grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # 查看内存总量grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # 查看空闲内存量uptime # 查看系统运行时间、用户数、负载cat /proc/loadavg# 查看系统负载
磁盘和分区
mount | column -t# 查看挂接的分区状态fdisk -l# 查看所有分区swapon -s # 查看所有交换分区hdparm -i /dev/hda# 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)dmesg | grep IDE # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况## 网络```jsifconfig# 查看所有网络接口的属性iptables -L # 查看防火墙设置route -n# 查看路由表netstat -lntp# 查看所有监听端口netstat -antp# 查看所有已经建立的连接netstat -s # 查看网络统计信息
进程
ps -ef # 查看所有进程top# 实时显示进程状态
用户
w # 查看活动用户id <用户名> # 查看指定用户信息last # 查看用户登录日志cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 查看系统所有用户cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 查看系统所有组crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务
服务
chkconfig --list # 列出所有系统服务chkconfig --list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务
程序
rpm -qa# 查看所有安装的软件包
网卡型号
lspci | grep Ethernet 00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82567V-2 Gigabit Network Connection
网卡带宽
【命令1:ethtool】# ethtool em4Settings for em4:Supported ports: [ TP ]Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full1000baseT/FullSupports auto-negotiation: YesAdvertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full1000baseT/FullAdvertised pause frame use: NoAdvertised auto-negotiation: YesSpeed: 1000Mb/s #(带宽)Duplex: FullPort: Twisted PairPHYAD: 1Transceiver: internalAuto-negotiation: onMDI-X: UnknownSupports Wake-on: gWake-on: dLink detected: yes【命令2:lspci】说明：千兆网卡Gigabit（万兆网卡显示为10-Gigabit）# lspci -vvv | grep Ethernet0d:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)0d:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
查看硬盘信息（查看硬盘型号和硬盘序列号）：
# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/sda5 2.0G 272M 1.6G 15% //dev/sda8 199G 188M 189G 1% /home/dev/sda3 9.7G 1.3G 7.9G 15% /usr/dev/sda2 9.7G 198M 9.0G 3% /var/dev/sda1 99M 17M 77M 18% /boot# hdparm -i /dev/sda/dev/sda:Model=SAMSUNG HE253GJ , FwRev=1AJ30001, SerialNo=S2B5J90ZC12060Config={Fixed }RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=16384kB, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=?16?CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=268435455IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 AdvancedPM=yes: disabled (255) WriteCache=enabledDrive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-0 ATA/ATAPI-1 ATA/ATAPI-2 ATA/ATAPI-3 ATA/ATAPI-4 ATA/ATAPI-5 ATA/ATAPI-6 ATA/ATAPI-7* signifies the current active mode# dmesg | grep ATAata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf190 ctl 0xf180 bmdma 0xf150 irq 185ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf170 ctl 0xf160 bmdma 0xf158 irq 185ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)ata1.00: ATA-8: SAMSUNG HE253GJ, 1AJ30001, max UDMA/133ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)Vendor: ATA Model: SAMSUNG HE253GJ Rev: 1AJ3ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf130 ctl 0xf120 bmdma 0xf0f0 irq 185ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xf110 ctl 0xf100 bmdma 0xf0f8 irq 185ata3: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata4: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl 300)ata5: PATA max UDMA/100 cmd 0xe040 ctl 0xe030 bmdma 0xe000 irq 177
主板信息
# dmidecode 2.10SMBIOS 2.4 present.structures occupying 2318 bytes.Table at 0x000E84B0.Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytesBIOS InformationVendor: Intel Corp.Version: GTG4310H.86A.0019..0625.1334Release Date: 06/25/.....System Information 服务器品牌Manufacturer: Product Name: B7079F77CV10HR-N （百度查询产品编号）Version: Serial Number: UUID: 889BD67E-8D96-11DE-AC40-0013D4D9C9E8Wake-up Type: Power SwitchSKU Number: Not SpecifiedFamily: Not SpecifiedHandle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytesBase Board Information 主板型号/主板信息Manufacturer: Intel CorporationProduct Name: DG43GTVersion: AAE62768-300Serial Number: BTGT9340022NProcessor Information CPU信息/CPU型号/CPU主频Socket Designation: PROCESSORType: Central ProcessorFamily: Pentium DManufacturer: Intel(R) Corp.ID: 7A 06 01 00 FF FB EB BFSignature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 23, Stepping 10Version: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPUE6500 @ 2.93GHz Voltage: 1.2 VExternal Clock: 266 MHzMax Speed: 4000 MHzCurrent Speed: 2931 MHzStatus: Populated, EnabledUpgrade: Socket LGA775Cache Information 硬件和CPU缓存情况Socket Designation: L1-CacheConfiguration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1Operational Mode: Write BackLocation: InternalInstalled Size: 32 kBMaximum Size: 32 kBBIOS Language Information BIOS语言Installable Languages: 1en|US|iso8859-1Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1Physical Memory Array 主板最大支持内存Location: System Board Or MotherboardUse: System MemoryError Correction Type: NoneMaximum Capacity: 16 GBError Information Handle: Not ProvidedNumber Of Devices: 4Handle 0x002C, DMI type 19, 15 bytesMemory Array Mapped Address 目前的内存Starting Address: 0x00000000000Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFFRange Size: 4 GBPhysical Array Handle: 0x002BPartition Width: 0On Board Device Information 显卡型号Type: VideoStatus: EnabledDescription: Intelr GMA X4500 Video Device
系统安装时间
# tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 | grep createFilesystem created: Tue Aug 15 16:52:06
系统启动时间
@ 方式一：# uptime当前时间启动时长09:14:33 up 6:50, 1 user, load average: 0.27, 0.38, 0.43@ 方式二：# who -b系统引导 -07-25 02:24@ 方式三：# who -r运行级别 5 -07-25 02:26@ 方式四：# last rebootreboot system boot 4.15.0-43-generi Thu Jul 25 02:24 still runningreboot system boot 4.15.0-43-generi Sun Jul 21 11:43 still running
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