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一个http请求包括三个部分，为别为请求行，请求报头，消息主体，类似以下这样：
请求行
请求报头
消息主体
HTTP协议规定post提交的数据必须放在消息主体中，但是协议并没有规定必须使用什么编码方式。服务端通过是根据请求头中的Content-Type字段来获知请求中的消息主体是用何种方式进行编码，再对消息主体进行解析。具体的编码方式包括：
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
最常见post提交数据的方式，以form表单形式提交数据。application/json
以json串提交数据。multipart/form-data
一般使用来上传文件。
2.7.1 以form形式发送post请求
Reqeusts支持以form表单形式发送post请求，只需要将请求的参数构造成一个字典，然后传给requests.post()的data参数即可。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsondef send_requests1():url = '/post'd = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r = requests.post(url, data=d)return rdef send_requests2():url = '/post's = json.dumps({'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'})r = requests.post(url, data=s)return rdef send_requests3():url = '/post'files = {'file': open('report.txt', 'rb')}r = requests.post(url, files=files)return rif __name__ == "__main__":response1 = send_requests1()print '------ response1.text = ', response1.text# response2 = send_requests2()# print '------ response2.text = ', response2.text## response3 = send_requests3()# print '------ response3.text = ', response3.text
输出：
------ response1.text = {"args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}, "headers": {"Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Content-Length": "23", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Host": "", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"}, "json": null, "origin": "220.194.45.154, 220.194.45.154", "url": "/post"}
可以看到，请求头中的Content-Type字段已设置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded，且
d = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}以form表单的形式提交到服务端，服务端返回的form字段即是提交的数据。
2.7.2 以json形式发送post请求
可以将一json串传给requests.post()的data参数
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsondef send_requests1():url = '/post'd = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r = requests.post(url, data=d)return rdef send_requests2():url = '/post's = json.dumps({'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'})r = requests.post(url, data=s)return rdef send_requests3():url = '/post'files = {'file': open('report.txt', 'rb')}r = requests.post(url, files=files)return rif __name__ == "__main__":# response1 = send_requests1()# print '------ response1.text = ', response1.textresponse2 = send_requests2()print '------ response2.text = ', response2.text## response3 = send_requests3()# print '------ response3.text = ', response3.text
输出：
------ response2.text = {"args": {}, "data": "{\"key2\": \"value2\", \"key1\": \"value1\"}", "files": {}, "form": {}, "headers": {"Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Content-Length": "36", "Host": "", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"}, "json": {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}, "origin": "220.194.45.154, 220.194.45.154", "url": "/post"}
可以看到，请求头的Content-Type设置为application/json，并将s这个json串提交到服务端中。
2.7.3 以multipart形式发送post请求
Requests也支持以multipart形式发送post请求，只需将一文件传给requests.post()的files参数即可。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsondef send_requests1():url = '/post'd = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}r = requests.post(url, data=d)return rdef send_requests2():url = '/post's = json.dumps({'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'})r = requests.post(url, data=s)return rdef send_requests3():url = '/post'files = {'file': open('report.txt', 'rb')}r = requests.post(url, files=files)return rif __name__ == "__main__":# response1 = send_requests1()# print '------ response1.text = ', response1.text# response2 = send_requests2()# print '------ response2.text = ', response2.textresponse3 = send_requests3()print '------ response3.text = ', response3.text
输出：
------ response3.text = {"args": {}, "data": "", "files": {"file": "hello word!\n"}, "form": {}, "headers": {"Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Content-Length": "158", "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=0562a8553c254ba298a69aa9e7fb477e", "Host": "", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"}, "json": null, "origin": "220.194.45.154, 220.194.45.154", "url": "/post"}
文本文件report.txt的内容只有一行：Hello world!，从请求的响应结果可以看到数据已上传到服务端中。
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