哲学家就餐问题可以这样表述，假设有五位哲学家围坐在一张圆形餐桌旁，餐桌中间有一大碗意大利面，每两个哲学家之间有一只餐叉。因为用一只餐叉很难吃到意大利面，所以假设哲学家必须用两只餐叉吃东西。他们只能使用自己左右手边的那两只餐叉。哲学家就餐问题有时也用米饭和筷子而不是意大利面和餐叉来描述，因为很明显，吃米饭必须用两根筷子，这样可描述为多线程争夺资源的问题。
由此问题可引入多线程争夺锁的问题，造成相互等待的问题。如果其中至少有一位“左撇子”，可解决此问题：
package Thread;public class DeadLock {public static void main(String[] args) {ChopStick cs0 = new ChopStick();ChopStick cs1 = new ChopStick();ChopStick cs2 = new ChopStick();ChopStick cs3 = new ChopStick();ChopStick cs4 = new ChopStick();Philosohper p0 = new Philosohper("p0", cs0, cs1, 0);Philosohper p1 = new Philosohper("p1", cs1, cs2, 1);Philosohper p2 = new Philosohper("p2", cs2, cs3, 2);Philosohper p3 = new Philosohper("p3", cs3, cs4, 3);Philosohper p4 = new Philosohper("p4", cs4, cs0, 4);p0.start();p1.start();p2.start();p3.start();p4.start();}public static class Philosohper extends Thread {private ChopStick left, right;private int index;public Philosohper(String name, ChopStick left, ChopStick right, int index) {this.setName(name);this.left = left;this.right = right;this.index = index;}@Overridepublic void run() {if (index % 2 == 0) {synchronized (left) {try {Thread.sleep(1 + index);synchronized (right) {Thread.sleep(index);System.out.println(index + "号已经吃完————————————————————————————————");}} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}} else {synchronized (right) {try {Thread.sleep(1 + index);synchronized (left) {Thread.sleep(index);System.out.println(index + "号已经吃完————————————————————————————————");}} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}}}class ChopStick {}
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