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CentOS虚拟机根分区磁盘扩容操作

时间：2023-12-27 23:38:58

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CentOS虚拟机根分区磁盘扩容操作

1.关闭你的虚拟机系统

找到如下内容：选择"Edit Virtual mache settings”

点击"Expand“

扩大虚拟机的空间为"60G"(根据个人需要填写空间大小)。但是linux下面并不可见。

2.使用linux下的fdisk工具进行分区

用root用户登录到你的linux系统，查看你系统的分区

# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00008d26Device BootStart EndBlocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 164512000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 64 2611 20458496 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 18.9 GB, 18865979392 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2293 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2080 MB, 2080374784 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 252 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000根据提示信息可以判断出此系统的磁盘接口为SCSI，对应“sda”如果上面的红色字体是“hda”，那么此系统的磁盘接口为IDE对应“hda”所以我做一下操作：# fdisk /dev/sdaWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended toswitch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units tosectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): m //列出fdisk的帮助Command actiona toggle a bootable flagb edit bsd disklabelc toggle the dos compatibility flagd delete a partitionl list known partition typesm print this menun add a new partitiono create a new empty DOS partition tablep print the partition tableq quit without saving changess create a new empty Sun disklabelt change a partition's system idu change display/entry unitsv verify the partition tablew write table to disk and exitx extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): n //命令n用于添加新分区Command actione extendedp primary partition (1-4)p //选择创建主分区"此时Partition number (1-4): 3 //fdisk会让你选择主分区的编号，如果已经有了主分区sda1，sda2，那么编号就选3，即要创建的该分区为sda3First cylinder (2611-7832, default 2611): //此时，fdisk又会让你选择该分区的开始值这个就是分区的Start 值（start cylinder）；这里最好直接按回车Using default value 2611Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2611-7832, default 7832): //此时，fdisk又会让你选择该分区的开始值这个就是分区的End 值这里最好直接按回车Using default value 7832Command (m for help): w //保存所有并退出，分区划分完毕The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used atthe next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)Syncing disks.

3.我们的新建分区/dev/sda3，却不是LVM的。所以，接下来使用fdisk将其改成LVM的

# fdisk /dev/sdaCommand (m for help): mCommand (m for help): t //改变分区系统idPartition number (1-4): 3 //指定分区号Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e //指定要改成的id号，8e代表LVMChanged system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)Command (m for help): w

4.重启系统后，登陆系统。（一定要重启系统，否则无法扩充新分区）

5.格式化该新添加的分区

此时我们就可以使用该新增分区啦：

6.扩充新分区

# lvsLVVG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convertlv_root VolGroup -wi-ao---- 17.57glv_swap VolGroup -wi-ao---- 1.94g# pvcreate /dev/sda3Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created# pvcreate /dev/sda3 //pvcreate指令用于将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷，以便被LVM使用。要创建物理卷必须首先对硬盘进行分区，并且将硬盘分区的类型设置为“8e”后，才能使用pvcreat指令将分区初始化为物理卷Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created# df -hFilesystemSize Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 18G 1.7G 15G 10% /tmpfs1.9G0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot# vgextend /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root /dev/sda3 //其中是当前需要扩充的lvm组名，可以通过df -h查看，例如我的是： /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root） //vgextend指令用于动态的扩展卷组，它通过向卷组中添加物理卷来增加卷组的容量Volume group name VolGroup/lv_root has invalid characters# vgextend /dev/mapper/VolGroup /dev/sda3 //原来这个组名，是-之前的字符串——这要是没有文章看着对比分析，谁知道啊？Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended#vgdisplay //用于显示LNM卷组的元数据信息--- Volume group ---VG NameVolGroupSystem IDFormatlvm2Metadata Areas 2Metadata Sequence No 4VG Access read/writeVG Status resizableMAX LV0Cur LV2Open LV2Max PV0Cur PV2Act PV2VG Size59.50 GiBPE Size4.00 MiBTotal PE 15232Alloc PE / Size 4994 / 19.51 GiBFree PE / Size 10238 / 39.99 GiBVG UUIDEcv3ml-86eg-LTsH-mALD-mLxW-v3Ao-GEqiFc

(主要查看Free PE / Size 10238 / 39.99 GiB，说明我们最多可以有39.99GB的扩充空间。我一般选择小于等于39.99GB)

# lvextend -L +39.99G /dev/VolGroup/lv_root /dev/sda3Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 39.99 GiBExtending logical volume lv_root to 57.56 GiBLogical volume lv_root successfully resized# e2fsck -f /dev/VolGroup/lv_roote2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-)/dev/VolGroup/lv_root is mounted.e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup/lv_rootresize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-)Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing requiredold desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 4Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup/lv_root to 15089664 (4k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup/lv_root is now 15089664 blocks long.# df -hFilesystemSize Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 57G 1.7G 53G 3% /tmpfs1.9G0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot

可以看到，这个逻辑卷已经成功的扩容，根目录又可以装更多东西了!

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