（一）To add
additionally，furthermore，moreover，in addition(另外，此外)，
also，besides，again，even more(更多地，更加，甚至)
（二）To introduce(Exemplification or illustration, 例证和说明)
such as，as，particularly，for example，for instance，specifically
in particular(尤其，特别)，to demonstrate(示范，演示)
（三）To compare (similarity)
in the same way(同样地)，in comparison(与……比较，相比之下)，similarly，in the similar manner，
equally，in similar fashion(同样地)，likewise(同样地，注意区分otherwise(否则，另外的))
（四）To Contrast (differences)
but(但是，注意还有：仅仅，只，除……以外)，otherwise，nevertheless(然而，不过，虽然)，
conversely(相反地)，however，in contrast(与此相反，比较起来)，on the contrary(正相反，反之)，
on the one hand(一方面)，on the other hand(另一方面，注意只能表示相反的对比，如利与弊)，
yet(但是，然而，还)，rather(宁可，相当，准确地说)，though(和although不能与but连用)，
补：nonetheless(尽管如此，但是)，albeit(虽然，尽管)，howbeit(尽管如此，虽然)
as，even though/if(即使，虽然)，despite，(in) despite of，in spite of(尽管，虽然，不顾)
notwithstanding(虽然，尽管，尽管如此)
尽管天气恶劣，活动还是取得了巨大的成功。The bad weather notwithstanding, the event was a great success.
（五）To show effect
therefore，consequently(因此，结果，所以)，accordingly(因此，相应地)，thus，as a result(因此，结果是)
therefore(因此，所以) ，hence(因此，今后) hitherto到目前为止，迄今 = up to now
天气迄今一直晴朗。The weather has hitherto been sunny.
（六）To intensify
indeed(真正地，的确，甚至)，surely，by all means(一定，务必)，of course，in fact，certainly，without doubt，undoubtedly
（七）To signal a chronological or logical sequence 按时间顺序或逻辑顺序排列
in the first/second place，to begin/start with，subsequently(随后，其后，后来)，at first，at last，eventually
initially(最初，首先)，previously(以前，预先)，afterwards(后来，以后，然后)
（八）To summarize
to summarize，in sum，in brief，to sum up(总之)，in short，in summary，in conclusion，
in all(总共)，to conclude，finally，on the whole(总之，基本上，大体上)，
to put it briefly/simply(简单地说)，to put it mildly(说得婉转些)
一、国家、社会
爱国的patriotic爱国运动patriotic movement、爱国人士patriotic personage、爱国情操patriotic sentiment
爱国主义，爱国心，爱国精神patriotism
爱国主义意识a sense of patriotism、爱国责任感sense of patriotic duty
爱国主义教育patriotism education忠义精神spirit of loyalty and patriotism
爱国统一战线patriotic united front 拥挤，忠诚allegiance
这位士兵因为对皇帝的绝对忠诚而受到高度赞扬。
The soldieris highly commended forhis full allegiance to the emperor.
荣誉感sense of honor、成就感a sense of achievement、社会稳定social stability、小康社会affluent society
食品安全food safety、老龄化社会aging society、人口老龄化population aging、aging of population
公众人物public figure、维护社会正义maintain social justice、促进司法公正promote the course of justice
资本主义capitalism、资本家capitalist、资本主义的，资本家的capitalistic、利用，积累资本capitalize
集体的，共有的collective、common（普通的）、corporate（全体的）
集体主义collectivism、集体主义者collectivist、集体化collectivization
集体的决定a collective decision、集体的责任collective responsibility
联合政府coalition government（coalition联合执政的多党、团体联合会）
联盟，联邦federation（两个或多个州组成的联邦国有）、联邦，共和国commonwealth
联盟，联盟团体alliance（两个或多个国家的联盟）、与……联盟in alliance with
打击恐怖主义crack down terrorism
被免除的，免除，豁免（人、机构）exempt
我国公民免服兵役。In our country citizensare exempt frommilitary service.
国际紧张局势；种族间的紧张关系；政治上的紧张状况international/racial/political tensions
二、教育类、经济类、家庭类
（一）教育类
义务教育compulsory education、终身教育life-long education、应试教育exam/test-oriented education
素质教育quality education、all-round education、quality-oriented education
全面发展well-rounded development of a child、integrated development
均衡发展balanced development of a child
文化素质cultural quality、法制教育law education、知识产权intellectual property
教书育人impart knowledge and educate people、失学儿童dropout student、uneducated children
因材施教teach students according to their aptitude、填鸭式教学force-feeding method of teaching
理论知识academic/theoretical knowledge、实用技能practical skills、塑造性格shape/mould one's character
理论联系实际integrate theory with practice、理论脱离实际disconnect theory from practice
课外活动extra-curricular activities、探索精神the spirit of exploration、扫盲eliminate illiteracy
培养创新思维cultivate (nurture, foster) creative/original thinking
扼杀创造力stifle/constrain/extinguish creativity
挫伤学生对某事的兴趣sap/dampen student's interest in sth、开学典礼opening ceremony
重点中学key school、私立学校private school、公立学校public school
缺课miss a class、旷课cut a class、辍学drop out、退学quit school、助学金assistantship、奖学金scholarship
大学毕业生university/college graduates、硕士毕业生graduate with a master degree
出国留学study abroad、go abroad for further education
考研pursue post-graduate study、take part in the entrance exams for postgraduates
pursue a master’s degree、go to graduate school、receive postgraduate education
take postgraduate admission tests
过大的学习压力excessive/undue academic pressure、学习负担the burden of study/learning
缓解学习压力ease/relieve academic pressure、增强学习压力intensify academic pressure
学习气氛academic atmosphere
（二）经济类
经济全球化economic globalization/integration、经济不景气recession/bleeding economy
经济/金融危机economic/financial crisis、经济/金融危机的影响the fallout of economic/financial crisis
经济复苏economic recovery、经济繁荣economic prosperity、萎缩/衰退/萧条decline/recession/depression
刺激经济发展spur/stimulate economic development、阻碍经济发展hinder/impedeeconomic development
泡沫经济bubble economy、供不应求demand exceed supply、稳定物价stabilize prices
转亏为盈turn loss into gains、过度上涨excessive growth
不正当竞争unfair competition、激烈竞争fierce/intense/furious/cut-throat competition
假冒伪劣产品fake and inferior product、伪劣产品fake commodities、sham products
售后服务after-sale service、企业形象enterprise image、品牌效应brand effect
超前消费over-consuming、减少经费reduce the funding for...、刺激消费spur/stimulate consumption
可持续发展sustainable development、经济的可持续性增长sustainable economic growth
可持续的竞争优势sustainable competitive advantage
提高人们的生活水平lift/elevate people's standard of living
降低居民生活水平lower citizens' standard of living、消除贫困eliminate poverty
扩大贫富差距expand the gap between the wealthy and the needy
缩小贫富差距narrow /close/reduce the gap between the rich and poor
扩大内需increase/expand domestic demand、药价虚高unaffordable prices of medicines
争抢利益compete for benefits、消费者权益consumers' rights and interests
欺诈行为dishonest behaviors、fraudulent conduct、人均可支配收入per capita disposable income
鉴于当前的经济危机，降低税率似乎不妥。
In the context ofthe present economic crisis it seems unwise to lower taxes.
背景，环境，上下文，语境context、根据上下文in the context、脱离上下文out of the context
站在人生的十字路口stand at the crossroads of life
志愿者/志愿者活动/志愿服务volunteer/volunteering/volunteering service、志愿者精神volunteer spirit
求职者job seeker、求职look for jobs、hunt for jobs、job search、job hunting、seeking employment
创业start a business、be self-employed、be one’s own boss
失业lose one's job、be unemployed、be out of work
失业加剧job losses mount、unemployment climbs、失业人数unemployment
进入职场enter a workforce/workplace、就业市场job market、一份固定收入的工作get fixed income jobs
赚大钱make big money、严峻的就业形势a tough job market
不切实际的薪资期望unrealistic salary expectations、追求高薪工作pursue a high-paid job
没有或缺乏实践经验 without/lack of practical experience/hands-on experience
实践能力practical abilities、职业技能vocational skills、career skills
创造/提供就业机会generate/create/affordjob opportunities/ employment opportunities
就业指导career guidance、occupational guidance、vocational counsel
（三）家庭类
小康之家a well-off family、核心家庭nuclear famaily、单亲家庭a single-parent family
抚养foster/raise/breed/nurture/bring up、相互理解mutual understanding
繁杂家务household chores、溺爱孩子spoil children、dote on children；纵容溺爱over-indulgence
独生子女only child、全面二孩政策the universal two-child policy
……将有效应对人口老龄化趋势。The aging trendwould be actively addressed by …
代沟generation gap、扩大代沟widen/expand generation gap消除代沟narrow/bridge generation gap
舒适区comfort zone、沙文主义，大男子主义chauvinism、职业妇女career women
家庭暴力domestic/family violence、啃老族boomerang kids/the NEET group、NEETs
三、传统文化
（一）基础单词
文化和文明culture and civilization、精神文明spiritual civilization
文化融合the cultural blending/integration/fusion、文化交流cultural exchanges/interaction/interchange
跨文化交流cross-cultural communication
文化多元化cultural diversity、多元文化multiculturalism、multi-culture、文化特性cultural identity
文化宝藏cultural treasures、文化遗产cultural heritage/legacy、文物cultural relics、antique
文化设施cultural facilities、文化视角cultural insights
民族(传统)文化traditional Chinese culture/national culture、外国文化alien/foreign culture
中国文化的符号Chinese cultural symbols
博大精深的great and profound、原始原创的original、极具魅力的charming、壮丽辉煌的splendid
弘扬传统文化advocate/carry forward traditional culture、代代相传hand down from generation to generation
保存和珍惜传统preserve and cherish traditions、抛弃传统break with old customs
破坏传统undermine traditions、文化退化cultural devolution
大众文学public literature、通俗文学light literature、风土人情local customs and practices
少数民族minority、民族自豪national pride、谈话节目talk show、中国热Chinese craze
孔子学院Confucius Institute、麻将mahjong
京剧Peking/Beijing opera、唐装Tang Suit、民间艺术folk art、剪纸paper-cut
（二）百善孝为先
尊老爱幼respect the old and care for the young
show respect for elders and take good care of children
奉行孝道practice filial piety、fulfill filial duty、孝道filial piety
老人the elderly、the old、the aged、the senior、aged parents、the old and infirm parents
后代，后辈offspring、继承人heir、祖先ancestor
赡养老人support/take care of/sustain the elderly
关心父母show solicitude for parents、be concerned with parents
虐待父母mistreat/ill-treat/maltreat parents
四、道德与法律
公德public morality、有公德心的be public-spirited、遵守公德comply with public morality
维护公共道德safeguard public morals 损害公共道德injure public morality
奉献devotion、dedication、无私奉献selfless devotion、selfless contribution、selfless dedication
传统美德traditional virtues、道德准则code of ethics、moral code/rules
道德责任moral obligation、moral responsibility、行为规范behavioral norm/standard、code of conduct
按道德行事follow the morals、责任感sense of responsibility
承担责任shoulder/assume/undertakeone’s duties/responsibility
逃避责任avoid/shirk/shunone’s duties/responsibility
严守法律的字面意义，严守法律条文stick to the letter of the law= stick to the legal provision
遵守法律comply with the law、observation of the law
请愿书，诉状，祈求petition改进社会风气improve public morals
公德堕落the corruption of public morality、道德缺失the lack of moral sense、信任危机the crisis of trust
无视公共规章disregard the public rules、违反公共规章break/violate public regulations
五、传统节日
除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve 春节：the Spring Festival or Chinese New Year
元宵节：the Lantern Festival 清明节：the Tomb Sweeping Day
端午节：the Dragon Boat Festival = The Duanwu Festival， 龙舟赛dragon boat racing
七夕节：Chinese Valentine’s Day or Magpie Festival 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Festival
重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 腊八节：the Laba Rice Porridge Festival
六、环境
（一）环境保护environmental protection/conservation、环境意识environmental awareness
生态环保的environment-friendly、eco-environment protection、ecological environment protection
保护生存环境conserve natural habitats、动物权益保护者animal rights activist
自然保护区natural reserve、自然资源natural resources、公共卫生public health、public hygiene
节能环保energy conservation and environmental protection
清洁燃料clean/green fuel、替代能源alternative energy
环保产品environment-friendly(eco-friendly) products、green products
生物多样性biodiversity、biological diversity、可生物降解的biodegradable
防风林wind breaks、防沙林sand breaks、开发可再生资源develop renewable resources
低碳经济low-carbon economy、低碳生活方式low-carbon lifestyle
气候变化climate change、温室效应greenhouse effect、全球变暖的威胁threat of global warming
环境恶化environmental deterioration、水资源短缺water shortage
生物灭绝extinction、die out、毁林，森林消失deforestation、山体滑坡landslide
生活垃圾household garbage、垃圾分类waste sorting、garbage classification
公共交通public transport、绿色出行green commuting
生态示范区eco-demonstration region、国家级园林城市Nationally Designated Garden City
创造怡人的生活环境create pleasant living environment
（二）环境污染environmental pollution
随地吐痰spit everywhere、大声喧哗make noise、talk loudly、乱扔垃圾littering
空气污染air pollution、空气质量恶化degradation/deterioration of air quality
排放有毒气体discharge/emit poisonous/toxic gas
汽车尾气污染motor vehicle pollution、减少汽车尾气的排放reduce exhaust emission from cars/automobiles
大排量汽车high-emission cars、小排量汽车low-emission cars
水土流失water and soil erosion、污水处理sewage treatment
烟尘排放soot/dust emissions、有毒废物toxic waste、工业废物industrial waste
有害垃圾hazardous waste、污水处理sewage disposal、海水淡化sea water desalinization
酸雨acid rain、干旱drought、沙尘暴sandstorm
潜在危险，隐患，危害，冒失地提出，冒……的风险hazard
低灾害发生区lower-hazard parts of the landscape
日益严重的污染对当地居民的健康构成了重大威胁。
Growing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard tothe local population.
七、疫情防控+健康类
疫情epidemic（传染病infectious disease/illness，传染性的）、epidemic situation
（战争的）爆发，（疾病的）发作outbreak
慢性病chronic disease/illness、大流行病pandemic、散发病例sporadic cases
重大疫情major epidemic diseases、疫情重灾区epicenter of the outbreak
重大动物疫病major infectious animal diseases、动物源性病毒zoonotic virus、冠状病毒coronavirus
中间宿主intermediate host
对……构成重大威胁present a major threat to…
呼吸道感染respiratory infections
流行、普遍、广泛、患病率(prevalence rate = morbidity)、盛行率prevalence
流行性感冒influenza = flu、流感病毒 influenza virus、大流行性流感pandemic influenza
打疫苗vaccinate、致病机理pathogenesis、检疫、隔离、隔离区quarantine、检疫措施quarantine measures
被检疫隔离了六个月be kept in quarantine for six months
卫生检疫问题a hygienic inspection issue
轻症患者patients with mild symptoms
重症患者patients in severe or critical condition
无症状感染者asymptomatic cases/infections、asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19
新冠病毒检测为阳性/阴性to test positive/negative for the coronavirus
住院to be hospitalized、be admitted to hospital、转院to transfer to another hospital
出院to be discharged from hospital、医药箱medicine chest
（倾吐心里的烦恼，吐出心事，一吐为快get something off your chest）
不麻痹、不厌战、不松劲to remain vigilant and never slacken our efforts
实行封闭式管控to exercise management by sealing off entities
网格化管理digital management for a matrix of urban communities
统筹推进疫情防控和脱贫攻坚to coordinate epidemic control with poverty alleviation
武汉“解封”to lift the lockdown in Wuhan
临床前研究preclinical research、疫苗临床试验和上市使用clinical trial and application of vaccines
有效性和安全性研究safety and efficacy studies
机场处置专区processing area for inbound passengers at the airport
出入境防疫epidemic prevention at borders
打好新冠肺炎疫情防控全球阻击战to fight an all-out global war against COVID-19
打造人类卫生健康共同体to build a global community of health
减免关税、取消壁垒、畅通贸易to cut tariffs, remove barriers, and facilitate the flow of trade
健康丝绸之路Silk Road of Health、尽力阻止疫情跨境传播to minimize cross-border spread
有序安全的国际人员流动orderly and safe flow of people between countries
暂缓或减少留学人员等双向流动to postpone or reduce the two-way flow of overseas students
推广全面系统有效的防控指南
to promote control and treatment protocols that arecomprehensive, systematic and effective
务工人员安全返岗migrant workers return to their posts in security
线上职业技能培训online vocational training
预约进站to make reservations at subway stations、云选会cloud job fair
候餐区waiting area、取餐区serving area、结账区cashier desk
分餐制serving of individual dishes
外卖服务takeout services、公筷公勺serving chopsticks and spoons
停止接待群体性聚餐group meals are not allowed
推广分时段就餐to allow consumers to dine at staggered times
一客一用一消毒disinfection after each serving、实时发布real-time updates
战胜疫情的中坚力量core forces in victory over the epidemic
复发症relapse、昏迷stupor、近视nearsightedness、myopia、short-sightedness
治疗方法therapy、心态state of mind、疗程 treatment、course of the treatment
有益健康的，有道德的wholesome、令人疲劳的，令人厌倦的tiresome
生理健康physical health/fitness/well-being、心理健康mental/psychological health/fitness/well-being
精神病患者mental fitness、精神病mental illness
增进生理(心理)健康improve/enhance physical(psychological) health
损害生理(心理)健康hurt/damage physical(psychological) health
健康问题health concern、health problem/issue、healthcare（医疗保健）
健康状况state of health、physical condition、health condition
亚健康sub-health、亚健康的subhealthy、营养不良malnutrition、打冷颤chill
体育锻炼physical exercises、均衡饮食well-balanced diet、牺牲健康sacrifice health
垃圾食品junk food、食品添加剂food additives、节食，减肥go on a diet、be on a diet、lose weight
心律不齐arrhythmia、消化不良indigestion、水土不服non-acclimatization
八、团队合作
团队精神team spirit 团队合作teamwork、collaboration、work together as a team
增强相互合作strengthen mutual cooperation
形成团队精神cultivate the atmosphere of teamwork
强调团队合作的重要性stress the importance of good teamwork
九、品质类
（一）诚信honesty、integrity
信誉良好reputable、sound reputation、in good standing、with a good reputation
真诚地，善意地in good faith诚信行事act with integrity缺乏诚信dearth of integrity
（二）天赋与能力
恒心/毅力/坚持/耐性persistence、perseverance、willpower（意志力）
意志坚强的strong-willed强大的意志力strong willpower
积极面对挫折take a positive attitude towards setbacks 永不言弃的精神never-say-die spirit
坚持insist on doing sth.、stick to（严守）、persist in doing sth.、adhere to、persever in doing sth.
耐心patience 善行，善意benevolence、goodwill、kindness
谦虚，稳重modesty 谦逊的，简陋的，低下的humble
捐赠，捐助，捐款，天赋endowment
自立，自力更生self-dependence、self-reliance、independence、
earn one’s own living、stand on one’s own feet
谨慎prudence、cautious 决心determination、resolution
全心全意with heart and soul 努力endeavor、make great efforts、attempt、strive
有进取心的aggressive（侵略性的、好斗的） 胸怀抱负entertain great ambitions
奋斗精神striving spirit 创新innovation、creativity、critical thinking
自信self-confidence、缺乏自信lack of confidence
勤奋diligence、painstaking efforts 友好的amicable、friendly、neighborly
逆境和苦难adversity and hardship面对逆境in the face of adversity
要更上一层楼，唯一的途径就是艰苦奋斗，不屈不挠。
The only way to improve is through hard work and dogged perseverance.
胜利是属于坚持不懈的人。Victory belongs to the most persevering.
经历坎坷和磨难undergo frustration and ordeals
竭尽全力exert every effort、try one’s best/utmost、exert all one’s energies
工匠精神spirit of the craftsman、craftsman’s spirit、craftsmanship spirit
十、提分短语
被认为是…… be seen/regarded/considered as…
因为……受到高度赞扬be highly praised for… 受到尊重be treated with respect
发扬光大carry forward = promote 对……采取强硬立场take a tough line on
受人推崇It is wise and advisable to做……是不可避免的It is imperative to do sth
采取措施做某事take step to 采取切实可行的措施take feasible steps to…
立即采取行动take immediate action to… 采取合理的措施take reasonable measures to…
对……有更深入的讨论to have a better discussion on sth.
这本书的吸引力还在于其刻画主人公时所传达出的内在力量与坚忍不拔。
the book’s appeal alsolies intheinner strength and perseveranceit conveys via characterizing the protagonist.
它平实却引人共鸣的语言不仅能增加我们的词汇量，还能提高我们的写作能力。
its plain but evocative languageplays dual roles, enlargingour vocabulary and improvingour writing skills.
发挥双重作用plays dual roles
应该做什么来继续和加强这种有利的现象?
What should be done tocontinue and strengthen this favorable phenomenon?
应该做些什么来制止和扭转这种令人不安的现象?
What should be done to arrest and reverse this disturbing phenomenon?
我们应该对这种现象采取什么样的正确态度?
What is the right attitude we should take toward the phenomenon?
我们有理由永远把它继承并发扬光大。
So we have sufficient reason tocarry forward and further develop it in perpetuity.
打破怪圈，克服困难beat the odds【例句】要么泯然众人，要么打破怪圈。
eitherbe part of the majorityorbe one of the people whobeat the odds.
使你受困的原因有许多。自满、安逸、懒惰、冷漠、迷惘以及恐惧，诸如此类。许多因素都会导致这一结果。
There are a lot of ingredients that go into becomingstuck. Complacency, comfort, laziness, disinterest, confusion, and fear,just to name a few. That's a lot of paths to a single destination.
在相当不稳定的股票和债券市场上，你再怎么小心也不为过。
You can’t be too careful inthe highly volatile stock and bond markets.
这种局面对任何行业来说都是难堪的，特别对于日趋衰退的行业。
（explosive，adj.会引起愤怒（或争议）的，爆炸性的）
This is an explosive situation forany industry,particularly a declining one.
十一、分类
（一）人：表示“人”时通常采用后缀方法：-er；-or；-ian；-ist；-man等
（二）季节与月
（三）食物类
谷粒，谷物grain、作物，庄稼crop、面粉flour、小麦wheat、稻谷paddy
（四）身体类
心heart、肝liver、脾spleen、胃stomach、肾kidney、肺lung、肚子belly
胸部chest、颅骨，脑壳skull、骨骼skeleton
十二、其他
扣人心弦的剧情thrilling plot、契约精神spirit of contact
晚年one's later years、one's remaining years、old age、空洞承诺empty promise、虚假承诺false promise
学术腐败academic corruption、剽窃抄袭plagiarism
贿赂bribery、行贿offer a bribe、受贿take / accept a bribe、贪污贿赂bribery and corruption
被指控贿赂be charged with / be accused of bribery、涉嫌贿赂犯罪be suspected of / on suspicion of bribery
贪赃舞弊，道德败坏的，使腐化堕落corrupt、贪污/腐败行为corrupt practices
腐蚀孩子们的思想corrupt minds of children
被金钱和权力的欲望所腐蚀be corrupted by the desire for money and power
不良行为misdeed/misconduct、禁毒drug prohibition
不断变化的社会和政治形势changing social and political circumstances
面临极端情况face extreme circumstances、面对复杂的形势face complex circumstances
在特定情况下under certain circumstances
无论在什么情况下in/under any circumstances、绝不/无论如何都不under no circumstances
生活的方方面面every facet of life、局限于……be confined/limited/restricted to
有……倾向，有义务的，应负责的be liable to
劳动者有义务交纳所得税。Wage earners are liable to income tax.
对工作热心show zeal for one’s work、坦白地说frankly speaking
显示，表明，说明
show、reveal、exhibit、describe、illustrate、demonstrate、indicate、provide、display、manifest
数据，数量data、number、amount、statistics、figure
上升，增长increase、go up、rise、climb、accumulate、surge
下降，减少decrease、go down、fall、drop、nosedive、plunge、plummet、reduce
持平，稳定stable、steady、reach a plateau、be in a state of instability
波动fluctuate、unstable、be in a state of fluctuation、be in a state of instability
百分比percentage、proportion、趋势trend、tendency、situation
多于above、over、more than、少于below、less than
只有only、nothing but、merely、大约about、roughly、approximately、estimated、a matter of
附带地，顺便提及；偶然incidentally
消除，排除eliminate、消除，淘汰elimination
根除就业歧视eliminate discrimination in employment
消除偏见和误解eliminate prejudice and misunderstanding
移除，删除remove、摆脱，除去get rid of、废除abolish、拿走take away
（在数量或程度上）巨大的，可观的substantial、实质上，大体上substantially、实质性的substantive
大量的，巨大的massive、重大的significant、相当大的considerable
巨大的差异substantial difference、非常多的人substantial numbers of people
勤俭节约thrift、朴素的，节省的frugal
经济的，划算的，节约的economical、节约，有效地利用economize
be frugal of，be thrifty with;
从意思上讲，frugal偏重于省吃俭用，常指有钱依然节俭，thrifty偏重于精打细算。
节约劳动力的labour-saving、建设节约型社会build an economical society
反对/抵制铺张浪费oppose/resist waste and extravagance
手机是导致家庭紧张的一大原因。phonesbecame a source oftension in the family.
通过促进教育资源共享，互联网可以为不同背景的学生创造公平的竞争环境。
Through promotingthe sharing of educational resources, the Internetcan level the playing field for students from different backgrounds.
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