【本文更新于-7-24】
利用Python，通过对列车车次查询网站的内容进行爬虫爬取，获得全国客运列车车次及其起讫站点位置信息（经纬度）。值得注意的是，这些地点的坐标基于高德坐标系，因此在可视化的过程中，推荐使用高德开放平台的“数据可视化”功能。
下面给出参考代码。
注意：
（1）在使用高德开放平台提供的各项功能之前，需申请密钥（key）。这一加密字符串的功能，类似百度平台的“ak”。
（2）在使用Python爬虫前，需安装requests、bs4等库。
（3）高德开放平台提供的各项功能的使用方法，可参考官方提供的使用说明。
#获取铁路列车信息import xlwtimport requests as rqfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bsimport timefrom retry import retryrootpath = 'E:/PythonChris/Train_Schedule/'#所有火车车次网站site_of_train = '/huoche/checi'@retry(tries=2, delay=2)def geturl(url):headers = {'User-Agent':'Chrome/72.0'}r = rq.get(url,headers = headers,timeout = 5)r.raise_for_statusr.encoding = 'GB2312'txt = r.textreturn txt#收集所有车次信息@retry(tries=2, delay=2)def gettrains(txt):trains = []soup = bs(txt,'html.parser')for l in soup.find_all('a'):trains.append(str(l.string))trains = trains[5:]return trainstrains = gettrains(geturl(site_of_train))num_of_train = len(trains)#print(len(trains))despath = rootpath + 'Train_Schedule_Detail.xls'wb = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'UTF-8')wt = wb.add_sheet('Detail',cell_overwrite_ok=True)now_time = time.strftime('Updated: %Y-%m-%d %H:%M', time.localtime())now_time = now_time + '，共收集到{}列次数据。'.format(num_of_train)wt.write(0,0,label = now_time)fir = ['车次','列车类型','始发站','终点站','发车时间','到站时间','全程耗时','数据更新时间','起点经纬度','终点经纬度']for i in range(10):wt.write(1,i,label = fir[i])#为具体车次的信息进行函数构建@retry(tries=2, delay=2)def specialsoup(txt):soup = bs(txt,'html.parser')infor_one = []for p in soup.find_all('td'):infor_one.append(str(p.string))tem = [infor_one[5],infor_one[8],infor_one[10],infor_one[18],infor_one[12],infor_one[14],infor_one[16],infor_one[22]]infor_one = temreturn infor_one#获取经纬度key = '***' #需要根据自己的key替换@retry(tries=2, delay=2)def getpoint(location):global keyheaders = {'User-Agent':'Chrome/72.0'}url = '/v3/geocode/geo?address=' + location + ' 火车站&output=XML&key=' + keyrx = rq.get(url,headers = headers)rx.raise_for_statusrx.encoding = 'UTF-8'tx = rx.textso = bs(tx,'html.parser')loc = str(so.find('location').string)return loc#收集所有车次的具体信息@retry(tries=2, delay=2)def getinfor(trains):count = 0global site_of_trainglobal num_of_trainglobal wtglobal wb#infor_all = []for t in range(len(trains)):try:url = site_of_train +'/'+ str(trains[t]) +'.htm'txt = geturl(url)infor_one = specialsoup(txt)count += 1percent = '{:.3f}'.format(count/num_of_train*100)for k in range(8):wt.write(t+2,k,label = infor_one[k])wt.write(t+2,8,label = getpoint(infor_one[2]))wt.write(t+2,9,label = getpoint(infor_one[3]))print('收集工作已完成{}%。{}/{}'.format(percent,count,num_of_train))except:continuewb.save(despath)#infor_all.append(infor_one)#return infor_allgetinfor(trains)``
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