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一．不定式作定语
1．不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示将来的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：She isalways the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
2．如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。
例如：Let"s firstfind a room to live in / to put the things in.
We have nothing to worry about. (=There isnothing for us to worry about.)
3．不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时, 若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。（本结构是高考常考点）
例如：I have alot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)
Have you got anything to say at themeeting? ( you... say ... anything)
Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。
比较：There isnothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.)
There is nothing to be done at present.(=We can do nothing at present.)
二．-ing分词作定语
1．单个的-ing分词作定语一般表示用途, 说明名词的性质、特征或用途等；-ing短语作定语一般表示现在；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。
例如：a sleepingcar ( = a car for sleeping )
a sleeping child ( = a child who issleeping )
the boy standing there ( = the boy who isstanding there )
The girl singing is my classmate.
2．-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在发生，否则，要用从句作定语。
例如：Do you knowthe boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?
Did you notice the boy sitting (= who wassitting) at this desk yesterday?
The man shaking (= who is now shaking)hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.
比较：误：He is theman visiting our class yesterday.
正：He is theman who visited our class yesterday.
三．-ed分词作定语
1．-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动的动作，-ing分词表示一个进行的动作,-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在进行的被动的动作。
例如：adeveloped/developing country
He is a student loved by all the teachers.
The building being built will be the thirdTeaching Building of our school.
2．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
例如：Thestudents, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.
The substance, discovered almost byaccident,has greatly changed the world.
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